Energy efficient localization and tracking in underwater wireless sensor networks based on real time data of Oceans

Project Title

Energy efficient localization and tracking in underwater wireless sensor networks based on real time data of Oceans

Project Area of Specialization Information & Communication TechnologyProject Summary

Due to the behavior of acoustic waves in underwater environments, it can be justified that underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) are less appropriate for most modern-day delay-sensitive underwater applications. Further, an extensive survey conducted by the researchers indicates that there is no complete published works on underwater surveillance systems specifically designed for EM-based underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). Due to deficiencies of current underwater acoustic communication technologies, recent works have proposed EM-based UWSNs as a cost-effective and reliable way forward. To further justify, the advantages of EM waves over acoustic waves for UWSNs are stated as follows: Firstly, the relatively higher channel bandwidth and data rates (up to 100Mbps) of EM waves are a clear benefit over relatively lower bandwidth and data rates of acoustic waves (up to 20 kbps). Secondly, the relatively higher propagation speeds give the EM-based networks the capabilities such as fast detection, instantaneous tracking, and quick counter measuring. Thirdly, unlike UASNs, EM-based networks are unaffected by turbidity, pressure gradients, and wind speed of the sea. Further, UASNs are highly susceptible to various sources of acoustic noise (e.g., marine life at the seabed and wind speed). In addition, EM-based UWSNs outperform UASNs with its capabilities of non-line of sight operation (e.g., unaffected by aeration and sediments at the seabed).

If Lat/Long and ocean's depth information is available for given time, then simplest strategy to localize and track autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) position is to integrate velocity estimation over time with estimated position. However, due to the presence of random noise and unpredictable nature of ocean, environment value of real time measurements is subjected to unavoidable estimation error over time, which becomes particularly significant for long underwater navigation missions like oil and gas exploration. To avoid the necessity of time- and power-consuming dedicated error reset procedures (such as periodic resurfacings), it is common for AUVs to make use of additional, more elaborate estimators. The choice of a suitable localization and tracking algorithm or a fine tuning of its functional parameters are likely to increase the overall navigation performance of an AUV. It also helps in reducing the gap compared to top-of-the-range sensors; such feature is particularly desirable in the case of AUVs, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) or low cost applications.

Project Objectives

1: Channel characterization of underwater communication link based on real time data of oceans from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) in the range of (1955-2018) considering UWSN deployment.

2: Estimating energy efficient communication link between multiple underwater devices using EKF for effective localization and tracking in UWSNs.

Project Implementation Method

                   In this work, we aim to design moving towards coverage holes of the network. This will improve network throughput and lifetime which is very important for data-critical applications. Details of the research objective phases are as follows.

1. Theoretical study

                 1: Reviewing of previous notable work of depth-based techniques to examine their deficiencies in terms of network throughput.

                 2: Devising solutions to tackle with the above-examined deficiencies of routing schemes.

                 3: Formulation of improved depth-based technique to enhance throughput and lifetime in UWSNs.

1. Experimental Study

                   We will evaluate and simulate the performance of our proposed scheme and their comparisons with previous depth-based techniques using MATLAB simulator in terms of network throughput and stability period. We will also utilize our previous scientific work to improve our proposed work.

Benefits of the Project

1: Impact on Research Community:

To develop and add new dimensions, we shall equate our work with previously conducted research. We will share our findings with the entire research community through an

International conference. This will give us an opportunity to explore and take input in a broader context. Presenting our work to different research institutions, as well as writing in a blog or essay form, would give us an opportunity to address large community. This way, seeing our research goals, priorities and sharing or publishing findings will be useful to the large community. This can help them understand this problem better and allow them to make advances in other research areas. If we receive feedback so we can look at our desired objectives or projected outcomes from another point of view; so, we can revise our objectives in a way that can benefit the research community. These activities will be completed in the first half of this research project so that the desired changes can be done with in an allocated time. Peer review and recommendations from experts in this field and industry professionals would be useful in determining the quality of our research goals and objectives.

2: Impact on marine life and environment:

While deploying UWSNs multiple considerations are taken in account like how it will impact marine ecosystem and animal life. So, while designing UWSNs real time parameters play effective role in deciding transmitter power. Then we just need to transmit only as much as needed. As we are moving towards green energy; the fundamental concept behind the design and implementation of efficient system is to use energy at lowest possible transmission. It will not only save energy but also effects minimum underwater environment. Criteria for assessment will be while characterizing Indian Ocean channel behavior will be how much our results come near to real behavior of ocean. Second most important thing that we must keep in mind it should not be harmful for underwater ecosystem.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

UWSN localization is a very challenging problem due to the unavailability of the Global Positioning System (GPS) underwater. By improving energy efficiency, we can limit these constraints for any UWSN. While deploying UWSNs there are multiple considerations are taken like how it will impact underwater environment and animal life. So, while designing UWSNs real time parameters play effective role in deciding transmitter power. Then we must transmit only as much as needed. As we are moving towards green energy; basic idea behind designing and implementing energy efficient system is to use lowest possible transmission energy. It will not only save energy but also effects minimum underwater environment.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry TelecommunicationOther Industries IT Core Technology Wearables and ImplantablesOther Technologies OthersSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	69160
SCN200.0002 Underwater Communications Library 1 1,042.00$ 1,042.00$ SN	Equipment	1	22960	22960
ports Camera, Wi-Fi 4K Waterproof Helmet Sports Camera with 2 inch LCD	Equipment	6	7700	46200