Electricity Generation through low head micro-hydro turbine at Jhang Branch
Pakistan has the most powerful and largest irrigation system in the world. It uses canals and rivers to deliver the excessive amount of water to the irrigation system. In canals and rivers, energy is not tapped to benefit the economy. Also Low head micro hydro has stability issues due to low and var
2025-06-28 16:32:21 - Adil Khan
Electricity Generation through low head micro-hydro turbine at Jhang Branch
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryPakistan has the most powerful and largest irrigation system in the world. It uses canals and rivers to deliver the excessive amount of water to the irrigation system. In canals and rivers, energy is not tapped to benefit the economy. Also Low head micro hydro has stability issues due to low and variation in flow. We can design a micro hydro that will give reliable and stable output. Also to overcome the fluctuation in input voltage, battery can be used for stable output voltage.
Project Objectives- Design and practical implementation of micro hydro turbine to generate reliable and stable 24/7 electricity.
- Renewable and Clean Energy Production with 0% pollution.
- Provide 24/7 Rural Electrication with clean Energy.
- Turbine is a prime over which convert kinetic energy or potential energy into mechanical energy, in this project we use turbine as a prime mover to rotate generator. Our prime mover is water wheel turbine. The wheel turbine is directly placed into the river or canal and supportive above. The motion of water blow turbine creates a pushing action against submersed blades.
- Water wheel turbine with large radius used with concave blades that is attached to the rim, water strike the blades, mechanical rotation is obtained with greater torque.
- Gear mechanism is used for changing the speed of turbine in order to get Generator rated RPM, for this, we have larger torque (and less speed) on water wheel but after gear shifting we have more speed (and less torque).
- Permanent magnet DC generator that rotates with the help of turbine, in which mechanical energy converted into electrical energy.
- Hybrid inverter that has two DC ports and one AC output, in first DC port, the input comes from Generator and in second DC port, battery is connected with it. we have installed that to import and export power, and on output port we will get AC 220V 50Hz.
- Load center is a camp near canal which includes loads like LED bulbs, LED TV, Fan to which we provide stable, reliable, 24/7 power.
- Block Diagram:
- FlowChart:
we can create our own startup business by installing the micro hydro at small or medium scale in all over the country especially in Punjab that has 77% of irrigation of Pakistan. It is good source of earning by seeking the economic and social job conditions. We can also provide stable, 24/7, reliable and sustainable means of generating power near to load center or rural camp.
It is that kind of energy that has no greenhouse effect and no gas emissions from fossil fuels. It is a good replacement to diesel or gas engines that used in rural electrification. Initiative towards the project creates economic development and produce jobs in manufacturing, repairing and installation of project.
Technical Details of Final Deliverable TurbineTurbine is a prime over which convert kinetic energy or potential energy into mechanical energy, in this project we use cross flow water wheel turbine as a prime mover to rotate generator.The wheel turbine is directly placed above the river.The turbine is hanged on iron beam, freely to rotate on lignum vitae bearing that fixed on beam head. The whole mechanism is attached to concrete format on the bank canal, which also have a flexibility to rotate up and down with respect to water level in canal. Water strikes the blades of the turbine with the velocity of 0.66m/sec.
After the turbine section, we need some definite /required RPM to generate the required amount of electricity. As the flow of water is very slow therefore turbine RPM is very low on the pulley. To increase the speed on the input of the generator, we must use gear transformation as D1/D2 = S2/S1. To ensure this, we need to develop a gearbox which transforms the low RPM to a very high RPM to get our maximum output.
Generator:Generator is device that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.We use DC generator for stability purpose. In DC generator, we have coil, magnetic field, brush, commutator ring.
We can select our generator according to available RPM that is
Ns=(120*f)/p
Where Ns is synchronous speed, f is the frequency and P is number of poles.
Hybrid Inverter:An inverter is power electronic device that changed direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at desired voltage magnitude and frequency.Intelligent hybrid inverter has three ports, two DC ports for which one input is from PM DC generator, second for battery in which they import and export power from inverter. Hybrid inverter has flexibility that they can sink with utility, but we use for stability and reliability.
| INVEREX | 1.2KW |
| Input Voltage | 12V DC |
| Battery Input Voltage | 12V DC |
| Output Voltage/Frequency | 220V/50Hz AC |
| MPPT charge Controller | 50A |
| Output Wave | Pure sine |
A battery is a storage device in which electrochemical cells are used to store the electrons. Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used for portable electronics and electric vehicles.In this project, we will use a 70Ah battery to deliver an excessive amount of power to the loads.
Electrical Control Panel:Electrical Control Panel is the panel in which combinations of electric equipment are controlled. They are mainly designed to control and protect mechanical equipment. This control panel includes safety equipment like
- 2-pole MCB Circuit breaker(10A)
- RCCB (36A, leakage I = 30mA )
- Fuses (5A)
- Ammeter (10A)
- Voltmeter (500V)
- PF Meter
An electrical load is the main component/portion of the power circuit/System which consumes active power and converts this electrical energy into another form of energy to help the people in their livings. These Loads contains:
- Fans (160W)
- Incandescant Bulbs (100W)
- LED Bulbs (13W)
- Heating load (700W)
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Input Voltage
Battery Input Voltage
Output Voltage/Frequency
MPPT charge Controller
Output Wave
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Others Core Technology Clean TechOther Technologies Shared EconomySustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean EnergyRequired Resources| Elapsed time in (days or weeks or month or quarter) since start of the project | Milestone | Deliverable |
|---|---|---|
| Month 1 | Project Selection | Proposal Defence |
| Month 2 | Literature Review | Presentation on proposed work compared with previous work |
| Month 3 | Measurements | Measurements of project site. |
| Month 4 | Designing | Turbine Components Designing Inverter Designing. |
| Month 5 | Components Purchasing + Irrigation Department consent | Generator, Inverter |
| Month 6 | Mechanical Components Manufacturing | Turbine Manufacturing |
| Month 7 | Labour + Electrical Work | Concrete format on project site at the bank of canal |
| Month 8 | Hardware Implementation | Implementing the whole project on the bank of canal |
| Month 9 | Testing + Troubleshooting | testing of the project and troubleshooting |