Electric vehicles charging station

This EV Charging Station project access Pakistan?s current support for electric vehicles  (EVs), often referred to as its EV-readiness. The project also provides recommendations to create a  more comprehensive charging network that  supports EV drivers and addresses any&nb

Project Title

Electric vehicles charging station

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

This EV Charging Station project access Pakistan’s current support for electric vehicles 
(EVs), often referred to as its EV-readiness. The project also provides recommendations to create a 
more comprehensive charging network that 
supports EV drivers and addresses any 
implementation barriers.
EVs can save money and reduce air pollution in 
Pakistan. Compared to gasoline-powered 
cars, EVs are more energy efficient and cost 50-
70% less to operate per mile. A large portion of 
Pakistan's electricity grid is powered by clean 
low-carbon energy sources (not oil or coal),
allowing EVs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 
and pollutants that cause smog and acid rain.
A number of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 
(PHEV) and battery electric vehicle (BEV) models 
are now available in Pakistan.
Both PHEVs and BEVs displace petroleum fuel 
by charging their batteries from the electrical grid. 
BEVs typically have a larger battery pack for more 
electric miles (~60-100), but have no option when 
the battery is depleted. PHEVs have a less electric 
range (~10-50), but also have a small gasoline 
engine that can power the vehicle if needed. 
EVs replenish their batteries by connecting to 
charging stations at home, work, or at public 
locations. Various charging levels provide 
different rates of charge from 20 minutes to 12 
hours, with faster chargers being considerably
more expensive to install and operate. The station 
installation costs can also vary from site to site. 
Ideal locations are where the parking space is 
close to the electrical panel and the existing 
service is sufficient to sustain the additional 
electrical load. 
At the end of 2019, there were 252 EVs registered 
in the Pakistan. 30 were BEVs and 222
were PHEVs. These represent a very small but 
growing fraction of all registered vehicles. 
Currently there are only 18 public charging 
stations in Pakistan.

We want an increase in number of EVs in Pakistan and implementation of EVs charging stations in every city of Pakistan.

We are working on low cost stations with high efficiency and fast charging to improve the time consumption and use of solar power for our station.

Project Objectives

The objective of this EV Charging 
Station Project is to recommend strategies for 
supporting current and future EV drivers 
travelling within the regions Since EVs have a more limited range than 
conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) 
vehicles that use petroleum fuels, the most critical 
area of support is providing charging 
opportunities to EV drivers. 
Therefore, this Project identifies gaps where public 
infrastructure is not currently available in the 
Pakistan to support EV drivers and recommends
charging station installations in key locations to 
establish a comprehensive charging network. In 
addition to more charging stations, this Project EV Charging Station Project also outlines 
critical implementation barriers for charging 
station installations or EV adoption and 
recommends strategies for addressing them.

For a new technology such as the electric vehicle 
(EV), which requires coordinated construction of 
infrastructure and widespread education and 
outreach, careful planning is essential. Public EV 
charging stations are important for EV drivers to 
have the ability and confidence to use their vehicle 
throughout Pakistan.
Incorporating EV charging station planning into 
broader local and regional planning processes can 
help ease the adoption of the new technology. EV 
charging station planning is complex because of 
the different factors considered by drivers when 
planning trips, including the different types and 
speeds of EV charging stations. Educating 
decision makers and key stakeholders is critical. 
A number of initiatives have recently been 
undertaken to support EV nationally This EV Charging Station Project, along with 
the process to create it, is one of the first 
opportunities to discuss the 
charging infrastructure at the regional level.

Project Implementation Method

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) supplement the 
internal combustion engine with electrical power 
produced by an on-board electric motor. The 
electrical system acts as a generator when a driver 
applies the brakes, converting kinetic energy into 
electrical energy that is stored in a small battery 
pack. Gasoline or diesel is still the primary fuel. 
Electric vehicles (EVs) take the HEV concept 
further, using a larger on-board battery for 
extended electric-only range. The driver charges 
the battery by plugging the vehicle into a charging 
outlet. When running on electricity, EVs are able 
to completely offset the use of gasoline, 
eliminating all tailpipe emissions.
Two different types of EVs are available: plug-in 
hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and battery 
electric vehicles (BEV). A PHEV is an HEV with 
a larger battery that plugs in to charge, but it keeps 
a gasoline or diesel engine as a backup. Some 
variations are called extended range EVs, or 
EREVs. After the battery energy is exhausted, the 
engine starts and the vehicle acts like a normal 
HEV until it is charged again from the grid.

BEVs fully remove the gasoline or diesel 
powertrain and replace it with an electric 
powertrain consisting of an electric motor, power 
electronics, and a battery pack. BEVs have a 
longer all-electric range than PHEVs, but do not 
have a fuel backup when the battery is depleted.
Using electricity as a vehicle fuel is currently less 
expensive per mile than gasoline, and can be even 
more cost effective if the EV driver takes 
advantage of off-peak electricity rates. 
Current BEVs can travel between 60 and 265 
miles on a single charge and take at least 30 
minutes to recharge the battery. A gasoline vehicle 
will be able to travel 300-500 miles on a single 
tank and can fuel in less than five minutes. 
This “range anxiety” can 
often be solved with careful 
planning (including being 
sure to plug in every night 
and knowing where 
charging stations are along 
your route), or through the 
purchase of a PHEV to 
have a gasoline engine in 
reserve. PHEVs have ranges similar to gasoline vehicles, but typically 
only run on electricity for the first 10 to 50 miles. 
Cold and hot ambient temperature conditions will 
impact the realized driving range due to added
power requirements to heat or cool the interior. 
There is also a decrease in performance of the EV 
batteries. While manufacturers continue to 
improve the vehicle’s performance for adverse 
climates, a decrease in electric mileage by up to 
50% on the coldest days and 20% on the hottest 
may occur. Pre-conditioning the EV while it is still 
plugged-in is a good strategy for minimizing the 
decline in range.

Benefits of the Project

Electric vehicles (EV) are becoming increasing popular across Pakistan. However, before there can be a widespread transition to electric car usage, a sufficient network of EV charging stations must be created in order to reduce range anxiety for potential owners.

The majority of existing infrastructure is currently located in public areas, commercial spaces and single-family dwellings.

Property owners and managers may want to start thinking about including charging stations in their buildings, so we want to constract an EVs charging station with low cost and highly effective power consumption.

Offering charging is a direct way for property owners and managers to attract and retain tenants who own electric cars. Hosting a EV charging station is a highly visible way to exemplify a building’s or property management company’s environmental values.

This may help contribute to a green image that attracts and retains tenants and customers who share these values. By offering this service free of charge, as many facilities currently do, companies will add a new dynamic to their corporate .

Charging-station hosts have the opportunity to generate revenue directly from people who use the station’s services.

 Owners can collect revenue for charging through pay-for-parking services.

Using these types of systems typically requires installation of advanced EV charging station products. However, it should be noted that to date, many facilities are opting out of charging for use of the station, and are instead providing it as a free service.

Buildings or companies that offer charging may be able to attract and retain employees who want to charge EVs during the day. In addition, it can be very important to many employees, even those who do not drive EVs, that their building or employer is proactive with transportation .

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Battery chargers will be implemented inside (on-board)  the vehicle. Onboard battery chargers 
(OBC) are limited by size, weight and volume for this 
reason they are usually compatible with level 1 and level 2 
chargers. They usually have unidirectional power transfer 
capability; nevertheless in some case the confguration, a 
bidirectional power transfer can be achieved. Two Stage
Onboard chargers are typically composed by two stages: a 
front-end AC–DC stage and a back-end DC-DC stage. 
The front-end rectifer usually contains a boost power 
factor correction (PFC) converter to achieve high power 
factor and low harmonic distortion. The rectifer stage can 
be performed by a half-bridge, full-bridge or multilevel 
diode bridge. Half-bridge rectifer is less expensive since it contains less number of diodes/switches, full-bridge rectifer 
is more complex but the components are subjected to lower 
stresses. If instead higher power ratings should be achieved 
a good choice for the ac–dc converter is a multilevel con-
fguration. full-bridge diode rectifer with 
a conventional PFC boost converter. By substituting 
all the diodes with active switches, a bidirectional power 
fow can be obtained.
In PFC converter the interleaved boost converter is 
becoming more and more popular. an 
interleaved boost converter simply consists in two boost con-
verters in parallel, operating 180° out of phase. The 
main aim of this interleaving is to increase the output current 
by reducing the input current ripple and hence by reducing 
the overall volume of the input ElectroMagnetic Interference 
(EMI) flter and of the boost inductor.

The ac–dc rectifer is combined with the dc-dc converter, 
a single stage battery charger is obtained. This topology of 
battery charger is used if lower cost and size are required 
 in fact single stage battery charger allows the elimi-
nation of some bulky and expensive components such as 
inductors and dc-link capacitors which instead are 
required in two-stage charger. However, the drawback is that 
single stage battery chargers with non-isolated converter suf-
fer from a limited conversion ratio, which limits their appli-
cation for the wide range of output voltage. If instead a high 
frequency isolation is present, as in the OCB confguration 
proposed in [35], the low frequency component generated 
by the rectifcation stage pass through the high frequency 
transformer leading to large magnetizing current. Moreover 
to achieve power factor correction, a large number of diodes 
and active switches could be necessary, increasing in 
this way the complexity of the confguration and hence 
decreasing the reliability of the overall charger.
To maximize the reduction of components number and 
hence to further reduce the size, weight and cost of the station The concept of 
integration consists of reusing some of the drivetrain com-
ponents (inverter and motor windings) to implement the 
onboard charging system. 

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Transportation

Other Industries

Energy , Manufacturing

Core Technology

Wearables and Implantables

Other Technologies

Shared Economy

Sustainable Development Goals

Affordable and Clean Energy, Climate Action

Required Resources

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