Efficient , Economical & Eco-Friendly Generation Of Electricity Based On Portable Biogas Plant

The continuous energy crisis in Pakistan enlightened the need to increase the installed capacity of electrical power system. Pakistan?s electricity demand is increasing day by day but unfortunately the supply rate is comparatively low. Fossil fuels are broadly utilized in machinery as fuel because o

Project Title

Efficient , Economical & Eco-Friendly Generation Of Electricity Based On Portable Biogas Plant

Project Area of Specialization

Shared Economy

Project Summary

The continuous energy crisis in Pakistan enlightened the need to increase the installed capacity of electrical power system. Pakistan’s electricity demand is increasing day by day but unfortunately the supply rate is comparatively low. Fossil fuels are broadly utilized in machinery as fuel because of its large calorific content, accessibility, power generation & transportation, but its reservoirs are depleting daily. The problem of power shortage, exhaustion of petroleum product and anthropogenic climate change are developing worries across the globe. The current situation of power sector in Pakistan needs to work on renewable or sustainable source of energy. Fuel from biomass is a promising alternative energy asset which can resolve the present fuel starvation issue to a considerable level. We’ve examined the probability of utilizing cattle created biomass as a source of renewable energy to meet fractional energy request. This project focused on the assessment of locally made biogas powered generators to decide its electrical execution proficiency utilizing the filtered fuel. Not all types of biomass is considered in the project, only cow & buffalos excrement is taken as biomass. Neither advanced fermentation technique is not adopted nor is industrial standard filtration setup considered. We’ve aimed for the gasification of biomass; solidification and liquefaction of biomass is not our concern. Studies have been made regarding the plant sizing and material selection, floating drum type digester is selected due to its feasibility. Expected biogas production from the unit is about 0.52 cubic meters per day. We’ve expected that the plant has capability of producing 1.372 KWh units of electrical energy after the filtration of biogas via removal of intoxicants and other contents.

Project Objectives

• We examine the probability of utilizing cattle created biomass as a source of renewable energy to meet fractional energy request.
•  We focus on the assessment of locally-made biogas-powered generators to decide its electrical execution proficiency utilizing the filtered fuel.

Project Implementation Method

Selection Of Material
The material selection for this project was done by considering the feed material, type of gas to be produced, convenience and availability. Mild Steel sheets were used as the material of fabrication.

Selection Of Bio-Digester
From all the types of digesters described in the literature survey, with respect to the scope of this project, the digester selected for the production of biogas using cow-dung is the Floating Drum Digester.

Fabrication Of The Bio digester
The 2D model of the bio-digester was designed on AutoCAD. The fabrication was done in a mechanical workshop at Liquatabad, Karachi. The sheets were welded in the required shape of digester, 4 x 8-feet mild steel sheet issued to serve this purpose. A 2-inch water jacket was designed and welded inside the digester. Thus, the gas holder can move freely between water jacket and digester. For this purpose, three rods are welded with the body of gas holder rinse in a pipe with nuts at the end of each so as to stop the gas holder. Another 4 x 8-feet sheet covers the manufacturing of both gas holder and water jacket. A 4-inch diameter inlet iron pipe for feeding the slurry is being welded at an angle f ? 30 for maintaining the pressure
of feeding. The outlet pipe of 3-inch diameter was welded in the middle of the digester for the removal of digested slurry after the retention period or for lowering the level of slurry inside the digester to overcome the problem of overflow. A 2-inch diameter brass valve is installed capable of providing barrier against pressurize fluids. For total drainage of the plant a curve was designed at the bottom of the digester having a ball valve of 2-inch diameter. One bar pressure gauge and 0.25-inch diameter gas valve are installed at the top of the gas holder. Moreover, to save the jacket sheet and gas holder from corrosion the whole area around the jacket is coated with red oxide primer. Agitator has been placed for the mixing of the slurry at regular interval. The main reason to place the agitator in digester is to avoid the formation of scum, which makes unable for the gas to move up and gas remain trap in the slurry. A ground clearance of about 12-inch is given for upbringing the plant at certain height for ease in proper drainage. Depoxy was applied on the joints of gas holder and digester to make sure that there is no leakage. In the end the whole digester body was first painted with two coats of grey primer and top black for long lasting shining and life of the plant.

Benefits of the Project

• From all the innovations created, biogas innovation has been observed as one of the foremost promising courses to the vitality transformation.
•  One of the most ways to diminish utilization of conventional energy assets can be wide utilization of fabricating innovation of energy from the biomass.
• A huge quantity of biomass waste cost very cheap, which can be utilized to provide stove gas for food preparation, in different heating appliances and generation of electricity.
•  Generation of biogas from natural waste limits emission of nitrous oxide and methane within the surrounding.
• Bio-methane is clean-burning fuel that can be utilized precisely for the same purposes as normal gas to supply heat, cooling, power, Combined Heat and Power (CHP), and shaft-power for transportation.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Plant Size Calculation
 Gas Production= Substrate Feeding (Cow Manure) x Specific Gas Production
Minimum Gas Production = 13 x 0.04
Minimum Gas Production = 0.52 Kg/day
 Cow dung is mixed with the water in ratio of 1:1 then the total feeding of the day become 26 kg.
 Digester volume = Hydraulic Retention Time x minimum feeding.
Digester Volume = 22 x 26
Digester Volume = 575 liter
 Volume of gas holder = Minimum Gas Production x 60%
Volume of gas holder =0.52 x 0.6
Volume of gas holder = 0.312 cubic meter
The resulting main dimensions of plant size then are:

•  Digester volume: 0.575 cubic meter
•  Gas storage volume: 0.312 cubic meter
•  Total plant volume: 0.887 cubic meter
• Diameter of digester: 0.7747 meter
• Diameter of gas holder: 0.7366 meter
• Height of gas holder : 0.7321 meter
• Height of digester: 1.219 meter

Biogas to Electricity
Amount of heat = Amount of biogas produced per day x 19 (1 m3 = 19 MJ)
Amount of heat = 9.88 MJ
KWh = 9.88/3.6 (to MJ convert in to KWh )
KWh =2.744 kWh
KWh = 2.744 x 0.50 (Assuming generator losses are 50%)
KWh = 1.372 kWh
We?ve expected that the plant has capability of producing 1.372 KWh units of electrical energy.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Type of Industry

Energy

Technologies

Clean Tech

Sustainable Development Goals

Affordable and Clean Energy, Climate Action, Life Below Water, Life on Land

Required Resources

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