Diabetes management system
Diabetes is one of the leading non communicable diseases affecting public health. Though it is termed as a deficiency rather than a disease, uncontrolled diabetes will lead to complications resulting in renal failure/liver failure/ heart-attack/loss of sight or foot problems leading to amputation if
2025-06-28 16:32:07 - Adil Khan
Diabetes management system
Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject SummaryDiabetes is one of the leading non communicable diseases affecting public health. Though it is termed as a deficiency rather than a disease, uncontrolled diabetes will lead to complications resulting in renal failure/liver failure/ heart-attack/loss of sight or foot problems leading to amputation if not diagnosed, monitored and treated on time. In order to avoid these complications blood glucose level should be periodically monitored. Conventional methods used for this purpose uses sharp needle which leads to loss of blood and has a risk of infections to the patients. In order to overcome such problems, a non-invasive glucose monitoring system is necessary. In this study, we propose a design, a cost effective and non-invasive glucose monitoring device using near infrared spectroscopy techniques. In addition, GSM module attached to this device will enable wireless data sharing facility. The results can therefore also be transmitted easily to the doctor for examination. The results obtained can also be stored for future records and also to analyse variations in blood glucose level and adjustment of dosage of medicine. The current study shows that our device has accuracy level equivalent to that of conventionally available devices and also provides convenient, hassle free usage to the patients.
.Aims and objectives
Project aims to reduce the blood pricking process
Foot print advance computational techniques
The aim will be achieved by passing infrared rays through the finger.
Non-invasive Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) has been applied for monitoring blood glucose level. NIR has been applied in medical field for glucose monitoring. It uses light within the range of 750-2500 nm. NIR radiation at 1500 nm was used because of the minimum attenuation of optical signal by constituents like water etc. at this wavelength range and desired depth of penetration can be obtained. LED sensor is used instead of laser as it overcomes all limitations by laser. The Near-infrared radiations have been applied to measure glucose concentrations of blood of the patients .
Near Infrared transmittance spectroscopy is used across ear lobe or finger to measure glucose level. Transmittance spectroscopy consists of a light source and light detector placed on either side of ear lobe or finger. The ear lobe was chosen because of its small thickness and also because of the absence of bony tissues . Near infrared light (NIR) was passed on one side of ear lobe or finger while on the other end receiver receives the attenuated light. The attenuated signal is processed and sampled. RC low pass filter connected to photodiode’s output reduces high frequency noise . The variations of glucose concentrations in blood, affects the scattering of light. Light is scattered due to the difference in refractive index of blood cells (1.350-1.360) and refractive index of extracellular fluids (1.348-1.352). When concentration of glucose in blood increases, the refractive index of extracellular fluids increases and hence results in decreased light scattering. The scattering coefficient decreases resulting in shorter optical path.
The prevalence of diabetes is on the rise. People who suffer from Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes can live fuller, longer, and healthier lives by carefully regulating their blood glucose levels. To do this effectively, blood glucose levels must be monitored on a regular basis, in some cases as often as four or five times a day and more. Yet, blood glucose level monitoring with invasive devices is both painful and expensive. The pain comes from a lancet pricking of the finger-tip to produce the required blood drop for testing. The expense comes from the consumable test strips being inserted into a reader, on which the blood drop is placed. Steady hands and a considerable levels of dexterity are required when testing oneself. As a result of the pain and expense, many diabetics do not monitor their blood glucose levels as often as they should.
There are many types of blood glucose level monitors on the market today, ranging in price, ease of use, size, portability, and length of testing time. Each monitor requires its own type of testing strip, which typically can cost as much as 140rs per test strip.
People with diabetes have longed for a glucose monitor that is non-invasive, non-intrusive, affordable, and allows testing without pain. This non invasive glucometer will help in monitoring blood glucose level in a painless way.
This design uses near infra-red spectroscopic technique to detect the amount of glucose in blood. A sensor giving infra-red radiation of 1550 nm wavelength, which penetrate through the tissue and the attenuated signal get detected by the photo-detector. The digital sensor with inbuilt Analog to Digital converter has an Infra-red transmitter and Infra-red receiver. The sensor is used on finger-tip or ear lobe to measure glucose concentration of blood. The attenuated signal which the sensor detects is passed through RC filter to remove the noise. The signal is then amplified, and processed by AT89s52 microprocessor and the output is shown on LCD. In addition of displaying glucose levels, the data can be shared by a GSM module and can be sent to the doctor for patient investigations. The GSM module connected with the microprocessor tracks the location of the patients and when the blood glucose levels of patients are above the normal values or below the normal values, it sends the blood glucose level of patient with the doctor and family members. When the glucose sensor begins to operate, the 230v AC voltage is converted into 12v by step down transformer and is converted into 12v DC voltage by bridge. Amplifier and voltage regulator. The glucose concentration is detected by the amount of light attenuation after interacting with the tissue. The detected voltage signal is amplified and passed into microprocessor. Glucose absorption coefficients and scattering coefficients are calculated. The programs in AT89s52 microprocessor are executed in Embedded c. The programs are executed continuously and the resultant glucose level is displayed on a display device.
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 59900 | |||
| Arduino or microcontroller | Equipment | 5 | 2500 | 12500 |
| sensor | Equipment | 4 | 1000 | 4000 |
| wifi device | Equipment | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |
| wires | Miscellaneous | 4 | 600 | 2400 |
| Dc supply | Equipment | 1 | 14000 | 14000 |
| hardware assembling box | Equipment | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |
| DMM | Equipment | 1 | 6000 | 6000 |
| Battery | Equipment | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |
| LCD | Equipment | 2 | 3000 | 6000 |