Development of Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles

Fuel rates in Pakistan have reached an all time high prices. In this trublesome situation, it has become hard for a person to save money on luxuries. The costs of a fuel driven automible has excited in fuel consumption cost, maintenance cost and car cost itself. A hybrid car has the benefit

Project Title

Development of Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles

Project Area of Specialization

Robotics

Project Summary

Fuel rates in Pakistan have reached an all time high prices. In this trublesome situation, it has become hard for a person to save money on luxuries. The costs of a fuel driven automible has excited in fuel consumption cost, maintenance cost and car cost itself.

A hybrid car has the benefit of using both fuel i.e; fuel through electricity and through petrol combustion. It has a battery pack that gives power to the car engine and drives. It also has a seperate fuel tank(small in size), whose sole function is to power up the battery if the charge in it falls below the desired value.

Such a car will be benefitial to not only the environment as it is exhausting zero harmful gases, but also reducing the cost of fuel being used and lowereing the cost of maintenance as well.

Such a car gives the end user all the benefits a car user requires and helps them save for other luxuries.

The battery pack used are a number of lihthium ion cells arranged in a 13s string formation(13 strings and each string has 5 more cells). The total number of cells are 75. The charging of these cells is hectic and we use a Battery Management System(BMS).

The BMS controls the rate of flow of charge to the battery and from the battery to the load. It also keeps check on the life cycles remaining for the battery(State of Health(SOH)),the amount of charge in the battery(State of Charge(SOC)), temperature of the cells, preventing overcharging, over-discharging and charging rate of the cells. The BMS is incharge of charging the cells and keeping them in a safe level to operate. Also, the BMS governs the discharging of cells in a safe level, without damaging the cells. The BMS can be refered to as the brain of the electric engine in a hybrid car.

Project Objectives

Objective:

We have to design a system that can control the charging and discharging of a system, while keeping the system cells and its properties safe without harming or lowering the life of the system and maintaining the performance at its best.

Industrial Objective:

Where the idea of using a battery pack to run the car is revolutionary and provides such comfort to the end user in terms of cost and an eco-friendly environment, at the same time we need a device to control the charging and discharging of the cells.

As lithium ion are very sensitive cells, we design a system, which will keep all check of the cells characteristics and keep the cells in the best preformance mode to operate. The BMS will provide us with the help of charging and discharging the cells in a safe zone for them to operate without decreasing their life or harming them. With this, our goal of a battery managed system for lithium ion is ready and we can fulfil the need of hybrid cars, in a more safe and cost-efficient way.

Project Implementation Method

The first method was to complete the schematic of the required charger. Once the schematic was tested in Proteus, we further implemented our hardware afterwards. First of all, we tested all the components, then we started with the bridge rectifyer, with a capacitor in parallel. This will gve 311V DC to our Chopper. The chopper is a DC transformer, which has an operating frequency of 25KHz, and steps down the 311V DC to 48V DC. The 48V DC is then fed to the Buck converter, which further sends the voltage to charging the cells connected in 13s. A PWM is used before the transformer, which controls two switches. It is used as a switching device to switch ON the supply depending on the duty cycle set.

We charged a single lithium ion cell and verified the results.

The BMS is a microcontroller( Arduinio AtMega 2560 ) which takes input and decides how to operate the cells.

Benefits of the Project

1. Environmental Friendly:

We are exhaisting zero pollutants, hece our surronding will never be polluted and we can live a normal and healthy life.

2. Cost Friendly:

With its benefits of zero pollutant, the system is also cost friendly as it reduces the cost of fuel intake. Because, the battery pack gives the source of power, petrol can be used as a secondary intake, our fuel cost is minimum.

3. Maintenance:

As fuel is almost never used, our maintenance of engine also redices, reducing the overall cost of the system.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

It will be a battery pack, controlled by a Managing system. The system will charge and discharge the batteries. The system is a micro controller( Arduino AtMega 2560 ) which will check different parameters of the battery and will decide how much charge to be supplied to the batteries and in which rate.

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Core Industry

Transportation

Other Industries

Energy , Others

Core Technology

Robotics

Other Technologies

Others

Sustainable Development Goals

Affordable and Clean Energy, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Climate Action

Required Resources

If you need this project, please contact me on contact@adikhanofficial.com