Designing of efficient Uninterruptable power supply

There is a substantial number of possible power disturbances that can affect the operation of a critical load. The one common aspect to all the disturbances described above is their total unpredictability. Any measures taken to safeguard the critical load supply must be effective at all times when t

Project Title

Designing of efficient Uninterruptable power supply

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

There is a substantial number of possible power disturbances that can affect the operation of a critical load. The one common aspect to all the disturbances described above is their total unpredictability. Any measures taken to safeguard the critical load supply must be effective at all times when the load is in use. In general, computers typically have specified upper and lower limits for steady state slow averaged rams line voltage variations of between ±5% to ±10%, depending on the manufacturer, but will tolerate short duration line voltage excursions outside those limits. The shorter the duration of the excursion, the greater the excursion which can be tolerated. Some computers have sufficient energy stored in their internal power supply reservoir capacitors to sustain the dc supply to logic circuits during line voltage sags and power line interruptions of up to a 1/2 cycle (10ms), although not all units have this much ride-through capability. If the computer user is striving for less downtime and fewer errors, the electrical environment must be closely controlled. 

Project Objectives

1.To design Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) that automatically provide emergency power, without delay or transients, to critical applications in case of an interruption to, or unacceptable condition of the mains/utility supply.

2.To design such automated UPSs that can also filter and/or regulate mains/utility power.

3. To design a UPS with negligible problems of power quality i,e voltage and frequency.

4. The main objective is  to maintain these three factors economy, security and quality.

Project Implementation Method

The selection procedure and criteria is mentioned below for UPS. 

Determine safety: It must be determined if the safety of the selected UPS is acceptable. The UPS may have safety issues such as hydrogen accumulation from batteries, or noise pollution from solid-state equipment or rotating equipment. These issues may be addressed through proper precautions or may require a selection of a different UPS. 
 
B. Determine availability: The availability of the selected UPS must be acceptable. The criticality of the loads will determine the necessary availability of the UPS. The availability of an UPS may be improved by using different configurations to provide redundancy. It should be noted that the C4ISR facilities require a reliability level of 99.9999 percent. 
 
C. Determine maintainability: The selected UPS must be maintainable. Maintenance of the unit is important in assuring the unit?s availability. If the unit is not properly cared for, the unit will be more likely to fail. Therefore, it is necessary that the maintenance be performed as required. If the skills and resources required for the maintenance of the unit are not available, it may be necessary to select a unit requiring less maintenance. 
 
D. Determine if affordable: The selected UPS must be affordable. While this is the most limiting factor in the selection process, cost cannot be identified without knowing the other parameters. The pricing of the unit consists of the equipment cost as well as the operating and maintenance costs. Disposal costs of the unit should also be considered for when the unit reaches the end of its life. 
 
E. Re-evaluate steps: If these criteria are not met, another UPS system must be selected and these steps re-evaluated. The basic static UPS system consists of a rectifiercharger, inverter, static switch, and battery. 

Benefits of the Project

1. On-Line Double Conversion technology with IGBT based PWM Inverter
   • A Full-Proof Solution to protect customers valuable & sophisticated load
   • Critical loads are not exposed to vulnerable mains power aberrations (e.g mains power surges, sags, frequency errors etc) .
2. Wide Input Voltage Tolerance (+10% to –15%)
   • Virtually address all power profiles  and protect the load
   • Saves battery usage and thereby increasing actual autonomy time
3. Wide input frequency (+/- 5%)
   • Ensure availability of load under poor supply conditions, thus ensuring continuous running of business.
   • Even beyond the stipulated range of frequency the loads remain protected with constant frequency.
4. Electronic cards are located away from Heat generating component.
   • Ensures  Highest degree of reliability and thus protects customer’s business
5. Microprocessor controlled design
   • Lowest component count which leads to greater degree of reliability
6. Intelligent Battery Management
   • Ensures Proactive measures to check battery health thus avoiding surprises which may lead to disaster.
   • UPS automatically test battery healthiness on programmed schedule
   • No risk involved that will lead to failure of business
   • Temperature compensated battery charging
   • VRLA battery life is prolonged even under high ambient temperature.
   • Saves initial investment
   • Ensures reliability of the solution under adverse environment conditions.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The Offline / Standby UPS (SPS) offers only the most basic features, providing surge protection and battery backup. Usually the Standby UPS offers no battery capacity monitoring or self-test capability, making it the least reliable type of UPS since it could fail at any moment without warning. These are also the least expensive, selling for as little as US$40. The SPS may be worse than using nothing at all, because it gives the user a false sense of security of being assured protection that may not work when needed the most.

              With this type of UPS, a user's equipment is normally connected directly to incoming utility power with the same voltage transient clamping devices used common surge protected plug strip connected across the power line. When the incoming utility voltage falls below a predetermined level the SPS turns on its internal DC-AC inverter circuitry, which is powered from an internal storage battery. The SPS then mechanically switches the connected equipment on to its DC-AC inverter output. The switchover time is stated by most manufacturers as being less than 4 milliseconds, but typically can be as long as 25 milliseconds depending on the amount of time it takes the Standby UPS to detect the lost utility voltage. Generally speaking, dependent on the size of UPS connected load and the sensitivity of the connected equipment to votage variation, the UPS will be designed and/or offered (specification wise) to cover certain ranges of equipment, i.e. Personal Computer, without any obvious dip or brownout to that device.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Energy

Other Industries

Core Technology

Clean Tech

Other Technologies

Sustainable Development Goals

Affordable and Clean Energy, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and Production

Required Resources

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