Design, Simulation and Characterization of a Compact Wireless Power Transfer Infrastructure for Portable Electronic Peripherals
This project will focus on the simulation, fabrication and designing of a compact wireless power transmission and reception system. Long and tangling wires are very untidy to handle. For wired power transferring, we will be require to stick around the power outlet and could not move until our work i
2025-06-28 16:26:37 - Adil Khan
Design, Simulation and Characterization of a Compact Wireless Power Transfer Infrastructure for Portable Electronic Peripherals
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryThis project will focus on the simulation, fabrication and designing of a compact wireless power transmission and reception system. Long and tangling wires are very untidy to handle. For wired power transferring, we will be require to stick around the power outlet and could not move until our work is complete. In wired power, if there will be any wear and tear in the wire then there will be a chance of getting electrocuted. To cope up with these problems, we have devised a new idea of wireless power transmission. By doing so, we will be able to transmit power to multiple devices at a time and there will also be no harmful effects on humanity of that system. Besides this, the length of the wires will also not be a limiting factor and we will be able to transmit power through far distances.
Our system will consist of a power transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter module will comprise of a Voltage Controlled Oscillator which will generate a signal of 2.4GHz frequency which is an ISM band, then that signal will be amplified using amplifiers for optimum gain, and then there will be phase shifter which will be used for beam steering towards the receiver so that the receiver will receive maximum power. After phase shifters there will be a Microstrip patch antenna of 16 elements which will transmit the power to a specific angle.
The receiver end will consist of an antenna that will catch the incoming signals and then this signal will be fed to the rectifier circuit to convert our signal into DC, then this signal will be fed to the amplifier that will increase the gain and then the power will be fed to super capacitors. Then this power will be used to drive our loads such as charging a mobile phone etc.
Project ObjectivesThe main objective of this project is the designing, fabrication, and testing of an efficient and compact wireless transmission and reception system. The system comprises the efficient transmitter module that coordinates with the optimized receiver module to wirelessly transmit RF energy eventually recovered via a receiver, which is then can be used for various purposes.
This Wireless power transmission system comprises of delivering an RF signal from a controlled basis and our aim for this wireless power transfer (WPT) system is to make it capable of transferring 0.1 to 1W through a distance of 1-5 meters. That would offer the possibility of wireless charging of portable devices such as smart phones and laptops, therefore, removing the spatial constraints posed by wired-device-charging and eventually enhancing their portability and usability in a confined space. This system's main functional components consist and embrace a single wall-mounted transmitter and minuscule portable receiver module. The system employs electromagnetic transmission at the transmitter and uses beam shifting to enhance power directivity between transmitter and receiver. The targeted outcomes of this project will be lab-validated. The system's prototype will comprise the directional patch antenna array in transmitter and a receiving patch antenna array with rectifying charge pump on the receiver side.
This project would pave the way for research and commercialization of the system to enable wireless charging of portable devices and remove the spatial constraint during wired charging. Therefore, such a system will not only enhance portability and usability, but it will also improve safety (getting electrocuted due to wear and tear in electrical wires/ dangling of wires) and reduce the cost of copper interconnects in any building; it will also have application in biomedical implant and intensive application in the upcoming electric vehicles industry and smart cities. Therefore, there exists a definitive commercially feasible design space in wireless power transfer.
Project Implementation MethodPhase 1: Our first phase will consist of research and literature reading. In this phase we will do an ample amount of research on the Voltage Controlled Oscillators, the frequency which will give us better efficiency over longer distances, the materials to be used in the antennas, the receiver side amplifiers and charge pumps for driving our load with better efficiency.
Phase 2: At this phase, one of the 3 group members will look deeply on the transmitter side and will do all the mathematical calculation and will do some more research for the components and their parameters to be used in our project. While the other one will work on the receiver side: calculations and parameters needed for the physical components for best results.
Phase 3: In this phase, our 3rd member will start his work of gathering the components from the market with our required parameters and quantities and with a good price to tackle with our project budget. While the other two group members will do some more software testing to acquire good accuracy in physical projects.
Phase 4: Our system will be in the designing stage and it will be the most difficult stage as everything would require enough time and hard work. We will have to implement our circuit practically with full accuracy to get best results.
Phase 5: Our next task will be to synchronize the transmitter and receiver side for better transmission of power. In this phase our system will be almost ready for the final testing of our synchronization is done perfectly and there is no fault in that area.
Phase 6: The working of our project will be realized in this phase. Our project will be in working conditions and we will be required to gather some results on different distances between transmitter and receiver. We will also gather results of our project in different locations to enhance its noise cancellation.
Phase 7: In this phase, our task will be enhancing the results of our project by not compromising on its quality such as noise cancellation and far distant communications between transmitter and receiver. We will also enhance the efficiency of our system.
Phase 8: This phase is for the project report writing, in this phase our project report will be in the writing phase and every task which we have performed earlier will be documented for further enhancements. In this phase, the project learning report will also be conducted in order to have a reference for our future projects.
Benefits of the Project- Wireless charging of gadgets is one of the new emerging technologies in the world at present moment. By doing so, we can offer a better life to the people because it is a new innovation and infrastructure which is not only secure but also uses clean energy.
- Mobile Phones are getting slim day by day; ultimately the battery size is also reducing which results in low charge storing capacity of batteries. Therefore, a continuous charging system is a real need of this time, which is Wireless Power Transmission.
- It is one of the simplest and inexpensive ways of charging as it eliminates the use of conventional copper cables and current carrying wires.
- It reduces the risk of electric shock.
- We can power up multiple gadgets at a time using wireless power transmission methods.
- Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) is about transferring electricity over a distance without using wires, this distance may vary according to its application. It is most efficient for short distances but techniques for long distance transmission have also been developed.
- We can continuously use mobile phones while charging without the fear of electric shock.
- The interface durability is also better, because wireless charging does not require frequent plugging and unplugging of the charging cable, the wear and tear of the data interface of the mobile phone will be reduced a lot.
- Another key benefit to wireless power is the highly expandable power range it offers. No longer just a low-power solution, wireless power offers a multitude of real-world applications with anywhere from 0 to over 200W of power transfer, while assuming safe transmission.
For this project i.e. efficiently designing a transmitter and a receiver module for a wireless power system we have opt the central frequency of 2.4GHz. The primary frequency selected is 2.4GHz and not 5GHz or 10 GHz, even though the latter two bands also fall under the domain of the free and ISM (Industrial Scientific & Medical) band however, the higher the frequency of a wireless signal, the shorter its range. The chief factor for this is that higher frequency transmissions, unlike lower frequency signals, cannot penetrate solid surfaces such as walls and floors. As a result, the 2.4 GHz frequency has a broader diversity than the other frequency bands.
Transmitter: We have selected a Micro-strip patch antenna to establish a power link for our design because of its benefits such as ease of fabrication, low cost and compactness and extensive applications. However, patch antennas also have some limitations such as low bandwidth and gain. In order to accommodate for these shortcomings, an antenna array comprising of 16 element antenna is designed to increase the gain and bandwidth. The input to the patch antenna is coming from a VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator), a phase shifter and a RF power divider amplifier to incorporate the concept and idea of beam-formation and beam-steering, that generates the required power signal at a central frequency of 2.4GHz, providing the required phase shift and amplifying it, respectively. A phase shifter is used to provide the steering of main lobe of an antenna.
Receiver: The RF power is received on the receiver side by designing a patch antenna array. First, the antenna array receives the signal, and then the received signal is amplified using a LNA (Low Noise Amplifier). The purpose of deploying an LNA is to amplify the actual power content of the received signal without amplifying the noise content that corrupts the receiving signal. That is then fed to a designed rectifier and charge pump circuit that comprises of numbers of levels that can boost the voltage and convert it into an equivalent DC signal. Later, a super-capacitor bank is employed to store the charge which is then used to charge a mobile phone.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Others Core Technology Clean TechOther Technologies OthersSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Affordable and Clean Energy, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Life on LandRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 80000 | |||
| Voltage Controlled Oscillator | Equipment | 2 | 6000 | 12000 |
| Amplifiers | Equipment | 5 | 4500 | 22500 |
| Phase Shifting Mechanism | Equipment | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |
| Antennas | Equipment | 1 | 25000 | 25000 |
| Connectors | Miscellaneous | 20 | 450 | 9000 |
| Super Capacitor | Equipment | 2 | 250 | 500 |
| Low Noise Ampifier | Miscellaneous | 2 | 500 | 1000 |