DESIGN OF MECHANICAL VENTILATOR FOR BREATHING PURPOSES

Ventilators are used in critical illness and pandemic situation when patients face breathing difficulties and need ventilators with hollow tubes or nasal mask. Ventilator is a crucial medical equipment required in hospitals and medical centers. Main purpose of this project is to design a cost-effici

Project Title

DESIGN OF MECHANICAL VENTILATOR FOR BREATHING PURPOSES

Project Area of Specialization

Wearables and Implantable

Project Summary

Ventilators are used in critical illness and pandemic situation when patients face breathing difficulties and need ventilators with hollow tubes or nasal mask. Ventilator is a crucial medical equipment required in hospitals and medical centers. Main purpose of this project is to design a cost-efficient ventilator for respiratory diseases. Ventilator will use a pressurizing chamber composed of a blower to pressurize the input air according to the feedback from pressure sensors. Pressurized air will be fed into the humidifier to increase the humidity. Finally, humidified air will be fed to the patient using a hollow tube or nasal mask. Air flow and differential pressure sensors will be used to measure the parameters of the inlet air mixture going to the patient lungs. An embedded controller will acquire the feedback from sensors and use it to drive the pressure generating assembly. An Emergency alarm will also be used to alert in case of unnecessary medical conditions. LCD will used to display all the vital statistics like patient breathing rate, flow rate, air pressure on the screen in numerical and graphical form.

Project Objectives

Objective of the project is to design a working prototype of ventilator that offers following features:

• A professional design that can withstand multiple usage cycles
• Cost-effective system that can offer features required by commercial standards
• Design composed of commercially available parts offering easy maintenance and service

Compact design that can be created and assembled faster and for a much better cost to performance ration and modes

Project Implementation Method

Design of ventilator composed of different Hardware components that are integrated together. Hardware components are selected in way that the overall cost and design remain simple and easy to understand and it will also help in the mass level production of ventilator in future so that the production limitation is minimized. Main components of the design are discussed below:

Compression Chamber:

Compression mechanism or pressure generating mechanism for this project is air blower-based compression. The blower that chosen for this project is single intake system for oxygen and air and one outlet hose. It is compatible with dc voltage supply and can be controlled through pulse width modulation (PWM). The ratio of oxygen to blower normally set manually by doctor or any medical expert depending upon the condition of patient.

Sensors:

This design will include an oxygen sensor for monitoring oxygen concentration of the blended gas supplied to the patient, a pressure sensor located proximally to the patient mouth along the respiratory circuit, and a spirometer, consisting of a plastic housing with an attached differential pressure sensor, to measure flow. The proximal location of the primary pressure sensor was selected specifically to ensure the most accurate pressure readings with respect to the patient’s lungs.

Embedded System:

The components of the ventilator are coordinated by a Raspberry Pi board, which runs the graphical user interface, administers the alarm system, monitors sensor values, and sends actuation commands to the valves. The graphical interface of the raspberry pi provides very fast and accurate real time data acquisition and processing. The touch screen LCD very accurately display the patient vital signs. LCD chosen for our project is 7" Capacitive Touch Screen LCD enhances the UI experience in this project. While the display is controlled over the HDMI interface the touch control is done via USB interface.

Humidifier:

Heat and Moisture Exchanger is placed proximal to the patient. This is used to passively humidify air inspired by the patient. Heat and moisture exchanger are the standard solution in the absence of a heated humidifier. While we evaluated the use of a heat and moisture exchanger which integrates a bacteriological/viral filter, use of heat and moisture exchanger increased flow resistance and compromised pressure control.

Benefits of the Project

The key benefits of our design are following:

• Cost-effective ventilator design to fulfill patient needs in hospitals and medical centers
• Versatile design with CPAP and BiPAP modes for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) for easy sleep
• Design can seamlessly integrate in anesthesia machines for controlled pressure
• Emergency Usage in Nursing or Rehab Centre
• Use of available off-the-shelf components to reduce the design cost

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The technical details and final deliverable of the project are given as follow:

• The air pressure and volume provide to patient is controlled by air blower and the speed of the air blower is managed by PWM. The peak inspiratory must be lies with the range of 40 cmH2O.
• Pressure and flow sensors are used to measure accurate amount of the air suppling to patient and reducing the chances of any unwanted conditions.
• A safety alarm system also be added so that in case of any mishap the medical personal has to look after immediately for the safety of patient.

The ventilator will have three different modes (pressure-controlled ventilation, volume-controlled ventilation and Continuous positive airway pressure ventilation) of operation to tackle different sorts of situation. The main focus on the CPAP and BiPAP mode of ventilation because of the pandemic conditions

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Core Industry

Medical

Other Industries

Health

Core Technology

Wearables and Implantables

Other Technologies

Others

Sustainable Development Goals

Good Health and Well-Being for People

Required Resources

If you need this project, please contact me on contact@adikhanofficial.com