Design of Electrical Power System for Electric Vehicles

The purpose of the project is to design an electrical power system for electric vehicles. An electric vehicle is a vehicle that is propelled with one or more electric motors using energy stored in rechargeable batteries. The project is related with the power system of the vehicle. The power system o

Project Title

Design of Electrical Power System for Electric Vehicles

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

The purpose of the project is to design an electrical power system for electric vehicles. An electric vehicle is a vehicle that is propelled with one or more electric motors using energy stored in rechargeable batteries. The project is related with the power system of the vehicle. The power system of an electric vehicle consists of rechargeable batteries and electric motors. In between batteries and motors, the mechanism exists that alters the energy stored in the batteries in the form of DC to convert it into required motor specifications. In our project, we are using rechargeable DC batteries. The batteries are charged through the electricity coming from stations. The electricity from the station is AC so it is first converted into DC using a rectifier circuit and then stored in the batteries in the form of DC. The motors that we are using in our project are AC Induction motors that propel the vehicle by the energy-driven from the DC battery. In between batteries and motor, an inverter (DC to AC converter) circuit is used to convert the energy stored in the batteries to the equivalent AC form for the motor operation. The current regulator and controller are also included to control the current requirement for the motor. The controller controls the speed of the induction motor and it determines and checks how much power is drawn from the batteries by the induction motor and delivers the amount of energy required by the motor for the vehicle to propel. 

Project Objectives

The main objectives of the project are given below.

• To design a power supply system for an electric vehicle.
• To drive a vehicle from electrical energy.
• To determine and provide the necessary power to the motor for vehicle propel.
• To design a vehicle that uses renewable sources for its operation.
• To design a vehicle that is environmentally friendly because a normal vehicle uses fossil fuels that contribute to air pollution from exhaust emissions.
• Control the speed of the electric motor by controlling the energy supplied to the motor.

Project Implementation Method

The project is implemented in a step-by-step procedure given below.

Batteries are charged through electricity from stations.

Energy is stored in batteries in the form of DC.

DC voltages from batteries are converted into equivalent AC voltages through an inverter.

AC induction motors operate from AC voltages coming from the inverter.

Vehicle propels by the motor operation and moves in either direction.

Implemented using software design.

The project is first divided into smaller levels and each level tests first and implement in the software for determining the values of the components. Rectifier circuit, Inverter circuit, and controller are first design in the software and inspect for various values and check the output obtain and different levels of input.

Implemented using hardware design.

When the software part of the project is successfully implemented and check for various inputs the project is implemented through hardware. The values of the components are set as obtain from the software implementation method. Further, inspection is made if the values of the output or power rating of the motor do not obtain as per requirement.
 

Benefits of the Project

The project has major benefits in the field of transportation and energy conservation. The project also directly influences the environmental factors. Normal cars use nonrenewable sources mainly fossil fuels for their operation. These sources have a major contribution to air pollution from the emission of smoke and other gases. The climate is getting worse and if it continues for a further 10 years then it is difficult for humans for their survival as it air pollution directly influences individuals. That is why the world is switching from normal vehicles to electric vehicles. Furthermore, an electric vehicle and power system of an electric vehicle do not need much maintenance as if it is compared with the normal vehicle. The major benefit of the project is in the field of energy. Normal cars use nonrenewable sources that once use is never come back. The world is highly dependent on these resources that's why the number of sources are getting low and low. An electric vehicle is a better replacement for such issues to conserve our energy sources and reduce the amount of their use. In concisely the project has the following benefits.

• cheaper to run
• cheaper to maintain
• less pollution and environment friendly.
• renewable energy source.
• health benefits as it has less emission than a normal vehicle.
• safety improvements.
• energy security.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The project is implemented using the software as well as hardware. The final deliverable will be the software implementation of the project along with the proper hardware implementation. The software implementation will be the circuit that is used to obtain the values of different components used in the project. The hardware deliverable is a proper electrical power system of an electric vehicle. The hardware deliverable contains batteries for energy storage. Inverter circuit to convert DC battery voltages into desired AC equivalent level. The motor that operates from the inverter AC voltages. The controller controls the speed of the AC induction motor.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Transportation

Other Industries

Energy

Core Technology

Clean Tech

Other Technologies

Shared Economy

Sustainable Development Goals

Good Health and Well-Being for People, Affordable and Clean Energy, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

Required Resources

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