Design of control and protection of transformer
The project comprises of monitoring and protection system of a transformer. In our scheme we are protecting the transformer from overloading, over voltage, under voltage, over heating with tripping and alarming conditions. Basically the failure of transformers and transmission line at remote
2025-06-28 16:26:35 - Adil Khan
Design of control and protection of transformer
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryThe project comprises of monitoring and protection system of a transformer. In our scheme we are protecting the transformer from overloading, over voltage, under voltage, over heating with tripping and alarming conditions.
Basically the failure of transformers and transmission line at remote area usually goes unnoticed. The consumer thinks that the power has been shut down and the authorities do nothing as they do not know about their failures. Identifying the exact location of faulty transformer is difficult due to no indication. If the transformers are working without monitoring, its parameters such as voltage, current, oil and winding temperature etc., this may lead to break down during abnormality. Hence the system reliability is less.
Project ObjectivesOur motive and objective is to protect our distribution transformer from series overloading, over and under voltage cases, and overheating cases. For the protection of our transformer we consider the help of technology using arduino and GSM/Bluetooth. The technology which we consider for our system protection is very common and easily available. Using this technology we consider the consumer economy capacity.
Project Implementation Method- Using this scheme we can protect the transformer from faults which can cause severe damage to the transformer.
- With this protection power supply will be fully automated and continuous.
- This scheme is useful in protection of transformers located in remote areas.
- Protection will provide safety for the people during maintenance as well as from getting dangerous shocks or effects from the transformer.
- This design is also capable of connecting and disconnecting the load from the remote end
Using this scheme we can protect the transformer from faults which can cause severe damage to the transformer. With this protection power supply will be fully automated and continuous. These protections will safe cost as well as lives of the people. Protection will provide safety for the people during maintenance as well as from getting dangerous shocks or effects from the transformer. System will be more reliable and robust. On larger scale a good environment which will be safe and healthy one will be ensured to the employees and engineers which will boost their motives of continuous learning and ensure maximum protection. By using this scheme access to electricity on a large scale can be made feasible. Also increased demand can be fulfilled as electricity is used in everyday lives of people. By minimizing power loss we can make electricity more affordable for people. With efficient power system more reliable and accurate products are being developed This will lead to locating power stations further away from cities and reduce transmission line cost and maintenance. With increase power people will be more dependent. Increase in automation will lead to increase unemployment. More fuel will be used for generation which will increase pollution. This will lead to more availability of place which will be required to build more stations. Working on these transformers is also a fear of life risk.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableThe schemes of protection and monitoring of the different parameters like load current, voltage, oil level and temperature in the distribution transformer [2].
This scheme comprises of GSM module and different sensors which will protect the distribution transformer from over and under voltages, over current, rise in temperature and oil level. These parameters are measured and calculated by ADC and parameters analyzed by the system memory. If any abnormalities are sensed then a message is forward to the respective person according to the conditions embedded in the system memory. The message will be send through GSM service and the required action will be taken by the respective person accordingly to prevent the failure or damage of the transformer.
The cheapest method for the protection of transformer. This scheme is protecting the transformer from voltage and current imbalance, oil and winding temperature with the aid of GSM technology. It also suggests the ease of locating the fault as it is difficult to do so by human and is time consuming. GSM and a smart electronic device is used to monitor and protect the transformer from damaging. This scheme is used for remote areas where human access is unavailable. Embedded microcontroller is used to analyze the abnormal parameters and alert the respective substation by sending a sms during the alarming conditions. Like this the distribution transformer is monitored and protected from overloading and failure [3].
This scheme is implemented on a distribution transformer. The aim is to protect transformer from damaging mainly from high load currents, over and under voltage conditions and from the rise in the oil temperature. Ardunio is used as a microcontroller to monitor the parameters according to the preset values and trips the load from the transformer before some serious damage. For temperature DC fans are used to cool the transformer during the rise in temperature. This is an efficient, accurate and economical scheme for protection of the transformer [4].
The scheme of on line mobile monitoring of parameters like load current, voltage and oil temperature. This scheme proposes the use of GSM technology which will monitor these parameters through the system memory of the microcontroller. Under abnormal conditions the system will notify the warning and tripping system according to the instructions embedded inside the microcontroller. Under fault conditions the system will send an SMS to ensure the tripping and disconnect the transformer remotely. These parameters are stored and later analyzed by the system which ensures the proper and efficient functioning of the transformer [5].
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry OthersOther IndustriesCore Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 37650 | |||
| Relay | Equipment | 8 | 700 | 5600 |
| Arduino | Equipment | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| GSM module | Equipment | 1 | 6500 | 6500 |
| Transformer 300W | Equipment | 1 | 4000 | 4000 |
| DC FAN | Equipment | 1 | 400 | 400 |
| Thermistor | Equipment | 1 | 800 | 800 |
| LCD | Equipment | 1 | 450 | 450 |
| Current Transformer | Equipment | 1 | 4000 | 4000 |
| Potential Transformer | Equipment | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| Bulb 100w | Equipment | 1 | 100 | 100 |
| Bridge rectifier | Equipment | 1 | 800 | 800 |
| All other | Miscellaneous | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |