Design of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle System for Environmental Friendly Solution in Public Transport

Project Title

Design of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle System for Environmental Friendly Solution in Public Transport

Project Area of Specialization Wearables and ImplantableProject Summary

• This project is based on hybrid electric vehicle system that will be installed in common rickshaw which is one of the most commonly used modes of transportation in Pakistan. By adopting proposed hybrid electric vehicle system, not only poor rickshaw drivers will save huge cost of fuel but also it will solve the critical problem of low pollution producing transport.
• Solar based hybrid electric rickshaw is an ultimate solution for pollution free environment in dense populated cities like Karachi, where people are seriously affected in chronic diseases of lungs, heart and asthma etc.
• This project provides the hybrid solution which is the extension of previous work done on the solar rickshaw having problem to be operated in night time and discharging of battery completely in a cost effective manner.
• Project contains a system based on batteries, solar panels, gear box and direct charging that will convert the available rickshaw into a modified hybrid one

Project Objectives

• To design an environment friendly electric vehicle systemfor existing Rickshaw based on two sources:
  1. 1. Solar powered system which can easily be charged from sunlight.
     2. Direct charging of the battery when the charging through solar could not be possible and during night time.

• To limit the emissions and demand for fossil fuel by applying the system to a three wheeler Rickshaw which will eventually benefit human health as well as the environment

• To provide a cost effective solution for poor rickshaw drivers by up-grading their existing vehicle into a hybrid electric vehicle without spending huge amount or to purchase new electric rickshaw.

Project Implementation Method

• At first, the structure of a currently used rickshaw will be purchased
• A gear box will be designed that can provide hybrid option to the rickshaw.
• This gear box will provide rickshaw with the option of either running it on engine or on electrical motor
• Once the rickshaw is running on engine and user wants to convert it to motor, then he will neutral rickshaw and then with the motor throttle rickshaw will be driven on motor
• Motor’s mechanical part will be attached with gear box and electrical part with a  motor controller and a throttle
• Dynamo will be attached to the gear box too so that when the rickshaw is driven on engine, the dynamo will charge the batteries
• Modification between the engine and the differential gear box will be done and that hybrid gear box will be attached in between.
• Solar panels will be connected on the roof of rickshaw that will charge the batteries kept under the seat of passengers

So, when the rickshaw will be driven on engine, the gear box will rotate which means dynamo will rotate and charge the batteries. At the same time the solar panels will charge the batteries hence 2 charging options will be given while the vehicle will be running on engine

When the user will switch on to electrical, he will neutral the gear and then with the help of motor throttle, motor will rotate and vehicle will move forward. Motor will be rotating with the help of dry batteries attached to the source.

Benefits of the Project

• Major benefit of this project is when the rickshaw is driven on solar, the fuel consumption will be saved hence the fuel cost is minimized. Moreover, Pakistan’s economy can improve by minimizing the oil imports hence the current economic crisis can be reduce.

• Environmental pollution can be minimized drastically by running vehicle electrically as a research shows that few Pakistan’s cities are ranked as world’s most polluted cities. health of people can get better due to non-existence of air and noise pollution that creates lung disease, heart disease etc.
• One of the important advantage is of this project is feasibility of design that it can be implemented on the existing structure of rickshaws, which means the rickshaw drivers don’t need to buy and spend money on new complex designed structure to implement the hybrid system
• If the battery is completely discharged, then the user can switch on to the engine option which means the rickshaw won’t stop due to discharging of battery.

• There will be no issue of maximum speed of rickshaw and this hybrid rickshaw can also move on same speed.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

• Rickshaw will move up to the speed of 60-70kph
• During the peak sun hours, solar panels will provide upto 4-4.5Amperes to charge the batteries with maximum efficiency of 17%
•  5 plates of 12 volt of polycrystalline solar panel  will be used in series to make it 60volts, each plate will be of 100watts
• Maximum power point tracking isn’t used in this project due to the cost of that equipment
• batteries of upto 50Ah rather than 110Ah is used to minimize the load of the vehicle
• The DC motor used in this project is of 1300 watt, 60 volt BLDC motor with 16.5A of maximum current with its 3500 rpm
• Motor controller of 1000watt, 48~60volt will be used to vary the speed of motor
• Battery charger of around 10Ah will be provided to charge the 5 batteries within 3-4hours when the battery is completely discharged.
• During cloudy weather, the efficiency of panel will decrease till 10%

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemType of Industry Transportation Technologies Shared Economy, Wearables and Implantables, OthersSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Sustainable Cities and CommunitiesRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	78860
Electric Motor	Equipment	1	8000	8000
Motor Controller	Equipment	1	3000	3000
throttle	Equipment	1	500	500
Solar Panels	Equipment	5	4000	20000
Batteries	Equipment	5	3000	15000
Old Rickshaw structure with engine	Equipment	1	18000	18000
Gear box	Equipment	1	5000	5000
Printing & Photocopying	Miscellaneous	200	15	3000
Pinyin	Miscellaneous	3	400	1200
Gears	Miscellaneous	3	500	1500
Universal cross	Miscellaneous	2	680	1360
Metal plate for support of gear box	Miscellaneous	1	750	750
Oil for gear box in litres	Miscellaneous	3	150	450
Differential tube	Miscellaneous	1	800	800
Main shaft	Miscellaneous	1	300	300