Design and Manufacture of Three Dimensional Printer Using Layer by Layer Technique
A wide range of material cutting and shaping machines are available in the market but when we analyze them closing, they all have material loses and very few of them are portable. Additive manufacturing, 3D printing has become one of the most interesting area of study for researchers now a days. Thi
2025-06-28 16:31:52 - Adil Khan
Design and Manufacture of Three Dimensional Printer Using Layer by Layer Technique
Project Area of Specialization 3D/4D PrintingProject SummaryA wide range of material cutting and shaping machines are available in the market but when we analyze them closing, they all have material loses and very few of them are portable. Additive manufacturing, 3D printing has become one of the most interesting area of study for researchers now a days. This technology is now applicable in all the fields such as automotive, biomedical etc. but its most important feature which grab our attention is rapid prototyping. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a type of additive manufacturing which uses layer by layer technique to print 3D object. This printing technique is comparatively low cost and best for making prototype models. Making a prototype model, especially in construction industry, is an expenses piece of pie, so this FDM printer will resolve this problem. 3D printing technology is very expensive in Pakistan because majority of the printers are imported, but we are willing to give a low-cost solution of this problem by manufacture and assemble the] 3D printer here in Pakistan as much as possible and also enhance its efficiency. It’s designing and manufacturing includes all the practical concept, to implement the concepts of electronics, mechanical, programming, material and manufacturing and industrial automation. For our desired output, we have tested many designs. Initially, we face many mechanical and electronics relevant problem but finally, we achieve a success for making a design-simplified and easy to use printer. We have use as simple as possible mechanical, electronics and programming tools so that it will be easy for every individual to operate this 3D printer either it has a technical knowledge or not.
Project ObjectivesAIM:
Our aim is to design and fabricate an FDM 3d printer which works on layer by layer technique with a maximum possible precision. We want to design and build a 3D printer with an easy-to-use, user interface with an advantage of portability, can manufacture product with high accuracy up to 85% with less complicated circuitry
OBJECTIVE:
To validate and apply our theoretical knowledge we have planned to design and build a 3D printer which can build plastic objects.Our aim is to design a 3D printer which works on layer by layer technique with a greater efficiency and to build parts with as much as possible to reduce the overall cost of this machine so that it will be easy for educational institutions and industries to adopt this prototyping tool.The preceding sections gives a brief description about the project.
Our objectives of this project are to reduce the overall cost of the 3D printer and improve the efficiency so that it will be easy to adopt this technology locally. Our project will include:
- Directly interfaced with CAD tools.
- Satisfactory safety measure for every environment.
- New axes design for reducing vibrations.
- Customize a Marlin firmware according to our need.
- Minimize a cost of FDM printer technology.
The method we followed in this project to achieve our desired goals is as follow, firstly, we design the frame of this printer on CAD (SolidWorks) software, then we bought all the necessary metal rods and mechanical assembly tools in order to made a frame by our own then we buy and import the necessary electronics components and put them on a frame then adjust the parameters of our project using microcontroller through programming. After all these phases, now just download a CAD model into this printer and it this automatically build a desired product.
Benefits of the Project1) There are a lot of industrial application of fused deposition modelling (FDM) printing because this technique of 3D printing includes thermoplastics which are very much useful for prototyping of different product with a high accuracy and saves the time. Industrial adaptability of this technology is increasing day by day because of its emergence and ability to make smaller and complex parts very precisely.
2) The 3D printer which we are designing allows us to design and print of more complex designs than traditional manufacturing processes. More traditional processes have design restrictions which no longer apply with the use of 3D printing.
3)the 3d printer can manufacture parts within hours, which speeds up the prototyping process. This allows for each stage to complete faster
4)The production of parts only requires the materials needed for the part itself, with little or no wastage as compared to alternative methods which are cut from large chunks of non-recyclable materials
5) As a single step manufacturing process, 3D printing saves time and therefore costs associated with using different machines for manufacture.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableWe will use integrated electronics to the mechanics of this project which is remarkable achievement as a student of mechatronics engineering. We will change several mechanical designs to reduce vibration from our machine and made calculated challenges from our programming to increase the overall efficiency of the 3D printer.
The 3D printing is an emerging technology and it has a vast area to be improve such as enhance the mechanical design and introduce more effective dampers to damp vibration, in this way, printing speed can be enhanced to a greater extent. Moreover, we will included some necessary safety feature but safety measures can be improved to a higher level so that this printer will be safe and workable in any environment.
This is an emerging technology and we will be contributing in this technology to some extent and pave a way for other to reach this work to a new high.
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 80000 | |||
| Bowden Extruder | Equipment | 1 | 7000 | 7000 |
| Ramps 1.6 | Equipment | 1 | 5300 | 5300 |
| MKS MOSFET | Equipment | 1 | 1300 | 1300 |
| NEMA 17 Stepper | Equipment | 5 | 750 | 3750 |
| Miscellaneous(Heatbed and Electronics) | Miscellaneous | 1 | 3500 | 3500 |
| Heated bed spring | Equipment | 10 | 20 | 200 |
| Se12uu | Equipment | 20 | 1450 | 29000 |
| Limit Switches | Equipment | 3 | 300 | 900 |
| Shaft coupler | Equipment | 5 | 80 | 400 |
| pulley and belt | Equipment | 1 | 1200 | 1200 |
| idler pulley | Equipment | 5 | 800 | 4000 |
| Aluminium tube 1.5x1.5 inches3 | Equipment | 3 | 600 | 1800 |
| screws and brackets | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| power supply 12 V | Equipment | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| Medium density fibre wood | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| washer | Equipment | 80 | 3 | 240 |
| Stepper motor holder | Equipment | 3 | 500 | 1500 |
| Aluminium tube3/4 x 3/4 | Equipment | 2 | 250 | 500 |
| arduino Mega | Equipment | 1 | 1200 | 1200 |
| Allen screws | Equipment | 36 | 10 | 360 |
| Ply wood | Equipment | 1 | 4000 | 4000 |
| glass Plate | Equipment | 1 | 200 | 200 |
| Miscellaneous Electronics | Miscellaneous | 1 | 2050 | 2050 |
| PLA filaments 500g | Equipment | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| SS rods | Equipment | 1 | 1600 | 1600 |
| Allen screws and brackets | Equipment | 1 | 550 | 550 |
| Printsouts, copy , binding, report | Miscellaneous | 1 | 4450 | 4450 |