Design and development of zero head horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine

Currently, Pakistan is facing an energy crisis. Pakistan is more reality on oil power sector. As the price of oil increases in the market, we are unable to generate electricity according to our requirements. Producing Hydropower is a best option for the power genetarion. It is the best non-conventio

Project Title

Design and development of zero head horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine

Project Area of Specialization

Mechanical Engineering

Project Summary

Currently, Pakistan is facing an energy crisis. Pakistan is more reality on oil power sector. As the price of oil increases in the market, we are unable to generate electricity according to our requirements. Producing Hydropower is a best option for the power genetarion. It is the best non-conventional power plant. In which we do not require any purchasing cost. The fabrication and usage of Horizontal Axis Water Turbines in rivers and local water bodies, portraying on to a larger picture about this in the near future would prove to be a boon to the green energy farms and its special applications with multiple product variations.Three twisted blades of a 1 kW prototype hydrokinetic turbine were designed based on the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory with a tip speed ratio of 6.25; a water velocity of 1.5 m/s; an angle of attack and pitch angle of 5 and 0? , respectively; a power coefficient of 0.4382 and a drive train efficiency of 70%. S822 hydrofoil was used to generate the coordinates of the blade cross-section. Experimental investigations and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out to estimate the performance of the blade design and know the effect of the section pitch angle on the performance of a horizontal-axis hydrokinetic turbine. The obtained results showed that the increase in the section pitch angle enhanced the performance up to a certain value. Further increase in the section pitch angle resulted in a low performance and a reduction of the rotation velocity, which in turn requires a high gearing ratio of the transmission system. 

Project Objectives

The turbine was installed at a distance of L1 = 3 m of the channel entrance and a deep of 0.5 m, where the flow was fully developed. This position of the turbine was kept during the whole experimental tests. The inlet velocity of the flow was varied during the test and obtained using a PCM Pro flow meter. It was measured in three different positions in the channel upstream of the turbine and averaged to determine the flow velocity. This work was focused on the effects of the blade section pitch angle on the performance of a horizontal-axis hydrokinetic turbine. Therefore, during the experiment, the blade section pitch angle was changed (Fig. 8). Measurements were taken at different blades pitch angles with several current conditions. The three blades of the turnine were always set at the same blade pitch angle and for the experiments, six different section pitch angles were tested (-15? , 0? , 10? , 18? ,20? , 25? ). Turbine power was calculated by measuring the torque and the angular velocity at the output of the shaft using a rotary torque sensor with encoder (Futek-Model TRS605). The sensor was fully coupled to the turbine shaft and a drive brake (Fig. 9) for measuring the torque and the angular velocity and, subsequently, the power developed by the turbine when the rotor was loaded. Data were collected in real time using intelligent digital hand held display (IHH500 Pro) connected to the sensor. For each test run the velocity of the current was kept as uniform as possible and the data acquisition equipment was switched on. Additionally during each experiment, the turbine was loaded by the electromagnetic brake and the rotating velocity and torque were measured in each load.

Project Implementation Method

Our turbine is place in rivers , cannals . Where the velocity of water is moderate. Our turbine will  place at upper gogera shikaripura. We will use base frame to install our turbine. 

Benefits of the Project

the benefits if our project is given below:

. it overcomes energy crisis in pakistan .

. it  increases the production of electricity in pakistan.

. its cost less as compared to the other power plant mechanism.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The current work discusses the hydrodynamic performance of horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbines (HAHkT) under different turbine geometries and flow conditions. Hydrokinetic turbines are a class of zero-head hydropower systems which utilize kinetic energy of flowing water to drive a generator. However, such turbines often suffer from low-efficiency. A detailed computational fluid dynamics study was performed using a low-order k-? SST (Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model to examine the effect of each of tip-speed ratio, solidity, angle of attack and number of blades on the performance of small HAHkTs with a power capacity of 10 kW. The numerical models (both twodimensional and three-dimensional) developed for these purposes were validated with blade element momentum theory. The two-dimensional numerical models suggest an optimum angle of attack that maximizes lift as well as lift to drag ratio thereby yielding the maximum power output. In addition, our three-dimensional model is used to estimate optimum turbine solidity and blade numbers that produces maximum power coefficient at a given tip speed ratio. Furthermore, the axial velocity deficit downstream of the turbine rotor provides quantitative details of energy loss suffered by each turbine at ambient flow conditions. The velocity distribution provides confirmation of the stall-delay phenomenon that occurs due to the rotation of the turbine. In addition, it provides further verification of optimum tip speed ratio corresponding to maximum power coefficient obtained from the solidity analysis.Small scale and low cost hydrokinetic turbines can effectively contribute to solve energy deficits in developing countries, particularly in isolated communities, but some obstacles remain before they become a cost effective solution. This work reports on a methodology for designing and fabricating the main parts of small scale horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbines (HAHT) optimized for a specific site or operation conditions. A suitable software design tool, and low cost fabrication methods within reach and understanding of less developed communities are the basis of this methodology. A free and open source software package called Turbem developed by the authors allows a non-expert user to enter a minimum set of parameters and to obtain the complete optimal rotor geometry of the HAHT, with its estimated performance curves and maximum stresses. 

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Energy

Other Industries

Core Technology

Internet of Things (IoT)

Other Technologies

Others

Sustainable Development Goals

Quality Education, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and Communities

Required Resources

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