design and development of prototype for surgical robot

More and more patients are adopting minimally invasive surgery (MIS), because this technique allows surgeons to insert thin instruments and an endoscope into patient?s body through small incision. One of the advance state of MIS is robot assisted surgery that allows the surgeon, to conduct minimally

2025-06-28 16:31:25 - Adil Khan

Project Title

design and development of prototype for surgical robot

Project Area of Specialization RoboticsProject Summary

More and more patients are adopting minimally invasive surgery (MIS), because this technique allows surgeons to insert thin instruments and an endoscope into patient’s body through small incision. One of the advance state of MIS is robot assisted surgery that allows the surgeon, to conduct minimally invasive surgery with increased accuracy and has potential benefits for patients. It provide extra degrees of freedom and high precision compared to a human hand. Patients experience less pain, smaller trauma, and recover more quickly. That is why it is taking over the traditional open surgery which lacks such capabilities. Our project will design and develop a prototype for surgical robot, which will be able to perform a basic function involved in every surgery i.e. suturing. The mechanical design of the system will consist of two workstations the main console and robotic manipulators. Main console will be a workstation from where the surgeon will control the robotic arms and surgical tools. It will comprise of joystick as an input device and a display screen with a camera at the other end for visualization. Whereas, robotic manipulators will comprise of two independent robotic arm frames, equipped with Maryland Laparoscopic graspers suitable for suturing. Each robotic arm, will receive commands from the main console to actuate the servo motors and Maryland laparoscopic grasper. This will be a two- way communication pathway allowing a controlled response. Servo motors will drive each active joint and imitate the movement signals send by the main console. Microcontroller will control each of the robotic arm, which is an integral part of the system that links the input signal provided by the joystick to the robotic arms for the actuation of the suturing task. The final prototype will be able to perform suturing which is a basic function involve in every surgical procedure.

Project Objectives Project Implementation Method Benefits of the Project

Robotic Surgery is one of the latest technology, the surgeons and patients are opting for as both of them get benefit from these type of surgeries.

A surgical robot aids a surgeon with enhanced precision, flexibility, control and vision, while patients experience less pain, smaller trauma, and recover more quickly than a conventional open surgery. But these type of Robotic systems used for minimal invasive surgeries are complex and expensive and are not readily available in many under developing countries including Pakistan.

According to literature, only lesser amount of work has been reported in the development of surgical robots in Pakistan and our project focus in this area and develops a robot that can lead to the development of complex robotic systems. 

That is why our surgical robot is a much simpler and inexpensive prototype that for the start will be able to perform one of the basic surgical procedure i.e. suturing.

Our design is flexible towards modification and can even lead to the advance developments such as telemetric robotic operation.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The final prototype of the project will consist of surgical robot with its control system. It will have the capability to perform suturing which is a basic function involved in every surgical procedure. An input device (Joystick) will operate the surgical robot. Using this input device, robotic arms equipped with Maryland laparoscopic grasper can be moved in desire direction. This system will be controlled by a main controller that links the input signal provided by the main console to the robotic manipulators for the actuation of suturing task. An endoscopic camera will provide visual information about the suturing site, and is responsible for the operation of the task. . Our robotic system  will be user friendly and convenient to use .

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry MedicalOther Industries Manufacturing , Health Core Technology RoboticsOther Technologies OthersSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources
Item Name Type No. of Units Per Unit Cost (in Rs) Total (in Rs)
Total in (Rs) 78000
Robotic arms (Mechanical Body) Equipment2750015000
Microcontroller(arduino) Equipment210002000
servo motor(Sg 90) Equipment2300600
Servo motor (Mg 945) Equipment47002800
Servo motor (RDS3115) Equipment220004000
Servo motor (TD-8120MG) Equipment221004200
Servo motor controller and PWM module Equipment1400400
endoscopic camera Equipment130003000
Suturing instrument and pad Equipment110001000
laproscopic insruments (Maryland Grasper) Equipment21500030000
Joy stick Equipment150005000
Travelling Miscellaneous 140004000
Stationary and printouts Miscellaneous 110001000
Other Miscellaneous 150005000

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