Design and development of Autonomous railway crossing system

Project Title

Design and development of Autonomous railway crossing system

Project Area of Specialization Mechatronics EngineeringProject Summary

The presented project involves the design and development of an automated railway crossing system. The proposed system can be deployed in the country to replace the existing railway crossing system. In this project, a prototype model of an autonomous railway crossing system is designed in such a way that it senses the incoming train and outgoing train using the magnetic coil sensors. The railway track gates are automatically controlled by using the rack and pinion gear mechanism. Moreover, the control system for the management of road traffic is also developed. The traffic signals are installed on the both sides of the railway track gates and the notification of the incoming and outgoing train is displayed on the LCD. On the one hand, when the train arrived, the railway track gates become closed. The traffic signal will become OFF and the road traffic stops. On the other hand, when the train departs, the railway track gates become opened. The traffic signal will become ON and the road traffic starts.

Project Objectives

The main objectives of the project are as follows:

• Design and Development of an automated railway crossing systemto replace the existing railway crossing system.

• Design of rack and pinion gear mechanism in the CAD Software (Creo 5.0).
• Development of control system for the management of road traffic.

Project Implementation Method

The implementation methodology of the proposed project includes the design and development of autonomous railway crossing system. This project involves the control of railway track gates using rack and pinion gear mechanism. The rack and pinion gear mechanism can be used to convert the rotational motion into the linear motion. For smooth control, the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller is also used to control the four DC gear motors which are installed on the railway track gates. The detection of the train is done by using the magnetic coil sensors. The sensors sense the arrival and departure of the train and send signal to the PIC16F88 microcontroller.

The implementation methodology of the proposed project includes the design and development of autonomous railway crossing system. This project involves the control of railway track gates using rack and pinion gear mechanism. The rack and pinion gear mechanism can be used to convert the rotational motion into the linear motion. For smooth control, the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller is also used to control the four DC gear motors which are installed on the railway track gates. The detection of the train is done by using the magnetic coil sensors. The sensors sense the arrival and departure of the train and send signal to the PIC16F88 microcontroller.

Benefits of the Project

Following are the major applications and benefits of our project.

• To minimize the traffic jam time for road traffic.
• It reduces the total time taken for the gate operation at the level cross and also ensures the safety of the passengers at the level cross during when the train passes.
• The reduction in the direct human intervention during the gate operation, in turn, helps to reduce the collision and accidents at the level cross.
• The proposed system reduces the accidents due to vehicles or humans trapped during the closing of railway track gates.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

1. STM32F103C8T6 Microcontroller

Following are the technical specifications of STM32F103C8T6

Microcontrollers.

• The devices operate from 2.0 to 3.6 power supply.

• 32-bit RISC core operating at a 72 MHz frequency.

• High Speed embedded memories. Flash memory up to128Kbytes and SRAM up to 20Kbytes.

• Two 12-bit ADCs, three general purpose 16-bit timers plus one PWM timer.

• Advanced communication interfaces: up to two I2Cs and SPIs, three USARTs, a USB and a CAN.

2. PIC16F88 Microcontroller

Following are the technical specifications of PIC16F88 controller.

• 8 MHz internal oscillator
• 256 bytes of EEPROM data memory
• A capture/compare/PWM
• an Addressable USART, a synchronous serial port that can be configured as either 3-wire Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) or the 2-wire Inter integrated Circuit (I²C) bus

            3.  Magnetic Coils

Following are the technical specifications of Magnetic coils.

• Operating voltage 4.5 to 8V.
• 5m Henry
• Impedance: 4.5 ohm

      4.  16x2 LCD display (WH1202A)        

Following are the technical specifications of 16x2 LCD display (WH1202A)  

• Operating voltage is 4.7V to 5.3v.
• Current consumption is 1ma without backlight.
• Can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit mode.

1. Ultrasonic sensor (HC - SR04)

Following are the technical specifications of Ultrasonic sensor

• Supply voltage 5 v
• Global current consumption 15 ma
• Ultrasonic frequency 40kHz
• Maximal range 400 cm & Minimal range 3 cm
• Resolution 1 cm trigger & pulse width 10 ?s

1. WIFI module (ESP8266)     

Following are the technical specifications of WIFI module (ESP8266)

• 2.4 ghz wi-fi (802.11 b/g/n, supporting WPA/WPA2).
• General-purpose input/output (16 gpio).
• Inter-integrated circuit (i²c) serial communication protocol.
• Analog-to-digital conversion (10-bit adc).
• Serial peripheral interface (spi) serial communication protocol.
• I²s (inter-ic sound) interfaces with dma(direct memory access) (sharing pins with gpio).
• UART (on dedicated pins, plus a transmit-only uart can be enabled on gpio2).
• Pulse-width modulation (pwm).

1. DC Gear motor (TT – 125)

Following are the technical specifications of DC Gear motor

• Operating voltage: 4.5V to 9V.
• Recommended/rated voltage: 6v.
• Current at no load: 70 mA (max)
• No-load speed: 900 rpm.
• Loaded current: 250ma
• Rated load: 10g*cm.
• Motor size: 27.5mm x 20mm x 15mm

1. Rack and Pinion Mechanism

Following are the technical specifications of Rack and Pinion Mechanism

• Pitch circle=1.05 inch
• Addendum circle=1.10 inch
• Dedendum circle=1 inch
• Addendum =0.05inch
• Dedendum= 0.05 inch
• Tooth thickness=0.15 inch
• Pressure angle=250
• Space width=0.05 inch
• Back lash=0.001 inch

1. Infrared sensor

Following are the technical specifications of infrared sensor

• 5VDC operating voltage
• I/O pins are 5V and 3.3V compliant
• Range: up to 20cm
• Adjustable sensing range
• 20mA supply current

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry TransportationOther IndustriesCore Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Decent Work and Economic Growth, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Partnerships to achieve the GoalRequired Resources

Elapsed time in (days or weeks or month or quarter) since start of the project	Milestone	Deliverable
Month 1	Project Registration andLiterature Survey	Documentation, Informationand Concept
Month 2	Literature Survey	Documentation, Informationand Concept
Month 3	Literature Survey	Documentation, Informationand Concept
Month 4	Software Design ofautonomous railway crossingsystem and designing of therack and pinion mechanism	Software Design on Creo5.0
Month 5	Designing of the magneticcoil sensor	Programming and hardwaredesigning of the sensor
Month 6	Hardware Design & development of autonomous railway crossing system	Prototyping and Hardware Design
Month 7	Assembly	Hardware Assembly
Month 8	Assembly	Hardware Assembly
Month 9	Testing of Project	Testing
Month 10	Testing of Project	Testing
Month 11	Report Writing	Report Writing &Documentation