Design & Implementation of Prototype for Monitoring and Controlling of Substation using PLC & HMI

Project Title

Design & Implementation of Prototype for Monitoring and Controlling of Substation using PLC & HMI

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

Major problems of existing sub stations are manual control, no secondary protection system and use of wired mechanism etc.

1. In existing system,  a technical operator is required near the substation who turns switchgears ON and OFF manually. In case of failure of primary or mains protection there is no backup to compensate this problem.
2. In existing system, with manual switching, there is a high chance of error occurrence. It is also harmful for operator because incorrect interlocking can flash the equipment and it will also damage the other connected sensitive and highly cost apparatus. To control these equipment’s manually, wired systems were too massive to be planned.
3. In existing substation, lack of proper monitoring with a single interface to provide all necessary parameter of power system on screen.

The above mentioned complications are tackled by having “PLC and HMI system” in substation. In substation key complication is that when fault occurs at substation, current system sometimes does not identify fault, existing relay based system takes extra time to trip, sometimes does not generate alarms and have no human machine interface for optimal interfacing with substation equipment’s. Additionally, we are using a special switching mechanism to operate switchgear at substation such as isolator works as OFF load device and circuit breaker works as ON load devices.

Project Objectives

Major objectives of work:

1. Secondary Protection.
2. Automatic Interlocking.
3. Automatic Monitring and Controlling.
4. Interfacing View Of  The System.
5. Load Protection according to Current rating.

Project Implementation Method

This Implementation of this project is based on secndary protection & monitoring and controlling of interlocking isolator, circuit breaker and earth switch on a three phase system with single bus bar arrangement. PLC programmed to control the interlocking of these switch gears working principles and monitoring with the help of HMI. Using C.T. and P.T, voltage, current, power factors and other factor related to a power system is being monitored. HMI will provides us with a optimize interface that interact with system and if any fault or disturbance occurs to the system and switch off the system on its own.On load side,in case of overload condition the load is triped as it exceeds its rating.This system provides us the moniting and controling of single phase load  as well as for three phase load on basis of their current ratings.This system provide us with a full control over substation system and will overcome the old-fashioned system.

Benefits of the Project

There are some benefits of using this system in the substation automation.

1-PLCs and HMIs based system required less time as compared of relay wired system.

2- Automating Tripping of the faulty part and HMI will provides us with a fault location.

3- Provides automatic switching of isolator which is done manually in substations.

4- Provide us with a full control over substation system as well as on single phase loads and e phase load.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Three phase supply                         380V

Average Current on  Bus bar          8-10 A

Supply for relays/contactor              220

DC supply                                           24v

Load (3)                                         Load 1: 3-phase Induction                                                         Motor (0.75kw)

                                                        Load 2: 2-Bulbs(0.1kw*2)

                                                         Load 3: 2-Bulbs(0.1kw*2)

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Others Core Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development GoalsRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	75221
PLC	Equipment	1	12500	12500
HMI	Equipment	1	18500	18500
PLC Programming cable	Equipment	1	2700	2700
Power analyzer	Equipment	1	9441	9441
Circuit breaker	Equipment	2	4000	8000
Current transformer	Equipment	3	350	1050
Magnetic contactor	Equipment	4	1800	7200
Relays	Equipment	6	250	1500
Relay base	Equipment	6	50	300
Insulator	Equipment	6	30	180
Bus bar	Equipment	3	800	2400
Wire	Equipment	28	90	2520
Breaker channel	Equipment	1	80	80
Board	Equipment	0	800	0
Over load relay	Equipment	3	950	2850
Traveling	Miscellaneous	1	6000	6000