Bionic Arm equivalent model based on IOT and AI

Project Title

Bionic Arm equivalent model based on IOT and AI

Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject Summary

This document represents the implementations, objectives, benefits, technical details, and joining of the 3d arm for project bionic arm equivalent model based on AI and IOT used to develop the design of a new prosthetic hand to be used by amputees, handicapped, a quadriplegic. The design is based on the patient’s needs, muscle ability to respond to the signals getting from brain nerves to replicate the several movements and functionality of human hands. This is based on several steps to reach the desired output.

            We have seen several people around us who are unable to work for themselves, do chores, or live independently because they are naturally handicapped or became prey to amputation in accidents. For people like these who are dependent on others, we’re developing a bionic arm that will function on signals received from brain nerves. Our main focus is to develop an arm not an ordinary prosthetic but a bionic arm that has not been developed or functioned in Pakistan properly, We are looking forward to developing an arm that is environment friendly not doing any harm to the surroundings not consumes many voltages and overpowering through electric charges that mean batteries and motors will function properly in required electrical charges. An arm that should be cost-efficient and within budget for every patient around the globe, every person has the right to live peacefully a happy healthy life without looking at others for their work that’s why an economic arm development is our motto. Signals generated by a patient’s brain and ability of muscles vary from person to person for a customizable arm for a specific person/amputee is necessary. Easy use of the bionic arm to help the patient is a major aim, attaching and detaching of arm for a different purpose will be provided for betterment to give new life and freedom to such people.

What a person requires in or from life? A healthy normal happy life with no difficulty, but sometimes we are not blessed we have to find a way to be happy and as a person or an observer it became necessary to help the handicapped to provide a better life. This arm is light to them with several benefits of working as a human arm by receiving signals from nerves and doing arm movements or gestures generated by nerves. It is a lightweight arm working as a normal human arm to help in daily activities such as picking objects, eating, drinking writing, office, or either work from home with a cost-efficient reliable arm.

Project Objectives

The main objective is to make the arm move with our brain, unlike the previous prosthetic upper limbs. We take nerve signals from the brain and amplify them so that we can register the signal and convert an electrical signal to mechanical energy.

• The side-by-side comparison showed that the customized body-powered arm provides reliable, comfortable, effective, powerful as well as subtle service with minimal maintenance.

• The basic Objective of the project is to facilitate people who are handicapped issues or to give new life to people who met an accident or became prey to amputation. To help victims to be independent and can work easily.
• Our main objective is to make the environment-friendly and within the budget, model to provide to patients and give hope to be like others and live a normal life.?
• The bionic arm gives the user much more control and movements through the use of sensors and computers that respond to muscle movements. This functionality takes much of the workload of the user’s body and acts as a natural limb.
• This bionic arm is customizable according to the patient’s muscle ability and thus is more efficient.
•  It has easy and quick attachment and removal of the bionic arm.
• Artificial limbs, bionic arms cost thousands of dollars and Rupees but we are designing less expensive and highly efficient arms.

• To analyze and decide several degrees of freedom of the bionic arm.
• This bionic arm will be specific for a particular patient’s muscle ability to respond.

Project Implementation Method

The EMG sensor is mounted at different locations on the forearm. Although the location and direction of the muscle sensor electrodes have a considerable effect on the intensity of the signal, both theoretical anatomies of the human muscle and scientific studies have carefully selected the positions of the electrodes. The electrode stickers will be in the center of the muscle. Positioning the sensor elsewhere will differ the intensity and efficiency of the signal from the sensors.

• The digital representation of electrical impulses from muscles is an EMG signal. Myoelectric refers to muscle electro- signals. Now the muscles continue to use motor units or bundles of muscle fibers that induce forces behind the muscles. As much as the muscle is flexed, more motor units are mobilized to induce more muscle energy, and the larger the number of motor units, the greater the muscle generates the electrical activity. Any time the impulse arrives from the brain, the EMG electrode sends it to EMG to reads it and send it to Arduino.
• Arduino is designed in such a way that the servo motor is shifted in a certain direction as reading crosses the threshold. An MG996 servo motor was selected for finger actuation. This compact and basic motor has been chosen because it can provide all the requisite features such as tiny size, lightweight, built-in gearbox, and low price.
• First of all we’ll print our 3D hand model and starts joining together the parts initiating with fingers. Use filament to join the fingers pass. Now join all the necessary arm parts leaving space in the upper arm for the servo motors. Now take the hardware part where we are going to place our servo motors put it in the arm and fix it with a nail in their designated place. Attach all five servo motors and pass the wire through holes, all five servo motors will handle five fingers’ movement. Use fishing wires in finger joints for movement. Now join the wrist part’s hardware and pass all fishing wire into the wrist through the holes. Now the extra wire that we have from the wrist is help in joining the arm and wrist together. We accurately fix Servo Motors with a nail and screwdriver. The most crucial part is passing and wrapping threads along with servo motors.
• With the help of Arduino DUE we’ll complete our coding part and join battery servo wires and power supply to a small board and attach the board with DUE and place it in the thing gearbox close the box by attaching it to the other part.

Benefits of the Project

There is a wide range of benefits to using prosthetic devices, including a more natural

appearance and more control over the area of the body with a missing limb or part.

• The obvious benefit is to improve the quality of life for those with certain disabilities.
• An amputee can have freedom of movement with more natural ease.
• An amputee can use less amount of energy for the same work.
• Versatility in use, handle many grip functions, Looks and moves almost like a real hand.
• Provide accurate readings as designed for a specific person.
• Cheaper than the ones, available on market.
• Better Controllability.
• Provide more confidence and ease to people with disability.
• Provide greater stability and control.
• Reduce the amount of energy expended.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

This product is required to provide support to people who don’t have an arm/hand by birth or who lost it in an accident. Our project work for people who have their arm muscle cells alive. Whenever we want to move our hand or a body part, our brain sends a signal to the specific part. Similarly, when it sends the signal to muscle cells of the arm, the EMG sensor read the signals and sends them to the microcontroller and that’s how it controls the movement of motors and similarly controls the movement of the hand.

When we were researching this project we got to know, that the already world did work on this problem. But still, many are using dummy arms/hands because it is not affordable for many people. Also, In Pakistan, there is just one company that is providing this product but still, it is not cheap. Our main purpose is to reduce the cost so that it can be helpful to all people who have this problem. We are working to increase the accuracy of the product and hence for every bionic arm, we test and train this product on their specific readings.

To train this model, we are using C language and an Arduino microcontroller. An issue we faced while making this product was a selection of motors. Motors can easily burn if there will excess voltage or if we will not use them properly. After research, we found that MG996 will be a perfect motor for our project as it is providing the rotation of 360 and there is less chance of burn.

If we talk about the cost, the major cost of this product is because of 3D printed model. This is also a problem we faced in the production of this project that every time for every other person the size will be different. So before starting the project, we need to measure the readings of the EMG sensor on that person but we need to take the size of the arm for that person. Also, if we talk about the material, we cannot use low-quality material, because there will be a chance of melting due to the heat of the battery or motors. So, printing a good quality 3D hand costs us around 20 thousand rupees which is the main cost factor in this project.

Currently, our main goal is to complete this project within 2 months including testing and finishing. While testing this project we found a person with the problem and currently we printed the model according to her size and trained the model concerning the readings of her body muscles.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry HealthOther Industries IT Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies Artificial Intelligence(AI)Sustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for PeopleRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	46681
3D arm	Equipment	445	45	20025
Microcontroller	Equipment	1	5500	5500
Battery	Miscellaneous	2	1450	2900
MG996 servo motors	Equipment	7	780	5460
battery charger	Miscellaneous	1	800	800
EMG sensor module	Equipment	1	4000	4000
emg electrode	Equipment	20	40	800
ecg sensor module	Equipment	1	1690	1690
breadboard	Equipment	1	190	190
fish wire	Miscellaneous	1	250	250
filament/braided fish wire	Miscellaneous	1	990	990
elfi	Miscellaneous	3	159	477
jumping wires	Miscellaneous	1	150	150
screw driver	Equipment	1	450	450
wire cutter	Equipment	1	250	250
soldering iron	Equipment	1	1699	1699
screw nails	Miscellaneous	10	10	100
instrumental amplifier	Miscellaneous	1	950	950