Automatic Priority Based Power Load Switching Using PLC

Electrical power system is the major source to provide energy for residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural loads. Now a days, the demand of power is increasing day by day. The difference between demand and supply causes consumers to suffer from the unwanted load shedding. A total blacko

Project Title

Automatic Priority Based Power Load Switching Using PLC

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

Electrical power system is the major source to provide energy for residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural loads. Now a days, the demand of power is increasing day by day. The difference between demand and supply causes consumers to suffer from the unwanted load shedding. A total blackout may occur due to this increase in the power demand. The aim of this project is to automatically disconnect loads when there is not enough energy generation, on priority basis. Using PLC we will automatically turn on or off generators also, according to the requirement of load. Due to disconnection of surplus generators, overall efficiency of power system will be increased.

The implementation of the project consists of following: (1) Power measurement of load and generators using current and potential transformers. (2) Comparison of load power and generation power using PLC programming. (3) Disconnection of low priority loads when demand is more than power generation, using magnetic contactors. (4) Turn off surplus generators if demand is less than power generation. (5) Turn on second generator when demand increases than the maximum rated load of first generator. (6) Automatically synchronize second generator with first one when it is restarted. (7) Real time storage and displaying of power data on HMI.

Project Objectives

• Power measurement of loads and generators.
• Priority based switching of loads when the generating power is less than the demand. 
• Automatic switching of generators efficiently.
• Shed the minimum amount of load to maintain system stability.
• Real-time storage and display of data on HMI.
• Design of synchronous module for synchronization of generators.

Figure 1. Objectives for Automatic Priority Based Power Load Switching Using PLC

Project Implementation Method

Figure 2. Implemented Architectural Diagram for Automatic Priority Based Power Load Switching Using PLC

Figure 3. Measuring Instruments Block Diagram on Generators side

Figure 4. Measuring Instruments Block Diagram on Load side

Benefits of the Project

• Unwanted load-shedding will be reduced.
• Stability of power system will be increased.
• In case of fault, minimum amount of load will be shed.
• More user friendly.
• People lives will be saved.
• Man Effort will be minimized.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

• Power measurement by using CT and PT, on load and generators side. CT ratings are 10A/1V, PT ratings are 220V/12V
• Outputs of these CT/PTs are fed into analog module's inputs. Analog module reads analog values and send them to the PLC. 
• Two single phase generators will be synchronized by measuring their voltage using potential transformer and frequency using tachometers. Generators are of rating 220v, 50Hz and 2kW.
• PLC will make decision on contactors according to power requirement.
• Real time data is also displayed on HMI.

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Core Industry

Energy

Other Industries

Others

Core Technology

Artificial Intelligence(AI)

Other Technologies

Others

Sustainable Development Goals

Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Responsible Consumption and Production

Required Resources

If you need this project, please contact me on contact@adikhanofficial.com