A Detailed Overview Of 6G And Related Technologies

Project Title

A Detailed Overview Of 6G And Related Technologies

Project Area of Specialization Information & Communication TechnologyProject Summary

With the conclusion of research and development of SG for the most part, the focus of wireless research has shifted to 6G. 6G is expected to be built on a framework that will be quite similar to that of 5G, but it will definitely have some major and crucial modifications. In this paper, we’ll be taking a deeper dive into 6G and the possibilities that it will be bringing with it. The future of connectivity lies in the connectivity between tne physical, biological and digital worlds. There will be new themes and cultures that’ll shape 6G system requirements and technologies, including brain computing, new man-machine interfaces created by a collection of local devices working simultaneously, real time multi-sensory data processing in cloud and new security and privacy features. This paper will also contain the importance of Artificial Intelligence in 6G and how important it’ll be in its various applications. Artificial Intelligence is so crucial for 6G that the whole 6G framework is based on it. In my final year project, I will be digging deep in the role that Artificial Intelligence will play.

Project Objectives

Artificial Intelligence is one of the main pillars of the fourth industrial revolution or Industry 4.0. The framework of SG also used Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning a lot in its framework. But, with 6G, which is willing to transform the fourth industrial revolution, the whole framework will be based on high speed data transfer and artificial intelligence/ machine learning predominantly.

Another major thing that I will be addressing in this review paper is the fear that people are having related to 5G and 6G, considering it may enable countries to monitor their population through multiple security cameras, performing image segmentation and facial recognition in real time while processing data in cloud at a much faster speed. I’II be using my research to show that 6G is a step forward and if used correctly, it will not disrupt the privacy of a common person.

The basic objective of this paper is to discuss how crucial will Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning be in the formation of the 6G framework and the technology advancements that will be coming with it, including the mainstreaming of self-driving cars, outdating of touch screens and the implementation of a holographic and gesture based system of controlling mobile devices in the future and many other advancements.

I also have to address the speeds at which data will be transferred and processed in the 6G framework.

Project Implementation Method

In this project, I will be conducting a detailed research regarding 6G, Artificial Intelligence and how these two will be used to transform the fourth industrial revolution. We will also be discussing a number of technologies that might become common in the coming 6 to 8 years. In this final year project, my goal is to study, review and combine all the researches that have been done in the field of 6G and also do multiple simulation and researches of my own to prove my point and to contribute in the global research and development which is being done for 6G.

The paper will be containing detailed summaries of various researches that have been done and are going on in the field of 6G. There are a total of 28 journals that I will be reviewing. These journals will also help me formulate my own research on 6G and how it will be working with Artificial Intelligence.

I will also be use network simulator software applications that are built predominantly on the framework for 5G and also have multiple modifications that can help me research on 6G. The software applications that I’ll be using are:

• NYUSIM
• MATLAB 2020a
• OPNET Simulator
• OMNET++

We will also be discussing the possibility of 6G reducing the amount of jobs and the possible disruption of human privacy considering the vast variety of applications possible by the use of 6G.

Benefits of the Project

When we talk about 6G or even 5G, we talk about the various technology advancements that it will be bringing with ft. Many researchers and scholars have addressed the vast amount of possibilities that 6G will bring with it.  One of such possibility is the mai nstrea ming of brain computing. In the coming future, with the imp Cementation of AI, we can expect to operate much machinery by using signals fro m our brains. Companies like Open BCI are already working on this and they have many modules that can be used to discover the applications of brain signals.  Other than that, countries are willing to research on 6G in order to keep track on their population by using real time facial recognition. Some countries are al ready looking forward to install cameras at every corner and use them to receive data and process that data on cloud in real ti me. This might be a disruption of personal privacy, which is the reason why  5G imp Cementation is receiving so much backlash and resistance in many part of the world. However, if a technology is used in a positive and constructive manner, it is always a step ahead. Change in technology is always met with resistance, but if the technology is used in the right way, there is no harm.  6G might also change how we use our smartphones, as touch screens are expected to get outdated in the next 7-8 years. The displays are expected to get replaced by new and faster holographic and gesture based solutions, creating a no-touch digital environment. 6G will also  cause the mainstreaming of mixed reality, which is simply the combination of both virtual reality and augmented reality.  With 6G, we can also expect domestic robots being used commonly in chores like vacuum cleaning, dusting, dishwashing or even cooking. Robots can be used in many places, such as factories, gas stations and even restaurants. But, this will also cause the loss of many jobs as these robots will be quite affordable in the future.  All of this high speed data processing happens due to the use of incredibly high band spectrum. With 6G cellular systems, sub-tera hertz band ranging from 114 G Hz to 300 GHz can be expected. The framework will be designed in mm Waves. Such high band spectrums will be commonly in use in the next 8 to 10 years in cellular devices.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

One of the biggest challenges that we will be encountering during the implementation of 6G and even during the implementation of 5G is the propagation of the signals, which are getting higher in frequency with every generation. Now, there is a big difference in latency, data rate and speed when we talk about 6G and 5G, but, implementation of these technologies get even more difficult. Let’s say, if for the propagation of 4G, there needs to be a tower every 10 miles, then for the propagation of 5G, there should be a tower on every mile and for 6G, there must be a tower every tenth of a mile. Now, that is not possible not only in developing countries but also developed countries.

The waves used in 5G are millimeter waves and in a much faster variant of 5G, which’ll come out a few years later, that variant of 5G networking would be using sub millimeter waves. This is the reason why 5G is only being implemented in developed countries and underdeveloped countries or developing countries might not get access to this technology due to several architectural and financial reasons. 5G and every generation of communication is designed so that it can be used by the common man. However, if a suitable solution for the signal propagation is not found, a normal person won’t be able to use 5G, let alone 6G.

Therefore, considering the many demanding objectives of 6G communication technologies, such as latency, expected data rates, positioning accuracy, energy efficiency, massive connectivity, reliability, and networking intelligence. Due to these high number of demands, many transceiver hardware architectures are being designed and many concepts related to wireless connectivity are being discussed in order to find a proper solution for the transmission of terahertz waves. It is important to find a way to manipulate these wireless signals and design revolutionary networking systems. Some wireless concepts that scientists are researching about include:

• Load modulated arrays and electronically steerable antenna radiators
• Hybrid Analog and Digital (A/D) beamforming structures
• Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) (e.g., reflect arrays,  metasurfaces, and antennas made from metamaterials

An electromagnetic metasurface refers to a kind of artificial sheet material with sub-wavelength thickness. Metasurfaces can be either structured or unstructured with subwavelength-scaled patterns in the horizontal dimensions.

I believe that RIS surfaces will be a great way for the effective propagation of 6G waves and in the coming week, I can study much

Final Deliverable of the Project Software SystemCore Industry TelecommunicationOther Industries IT Core Technology Artificial Intelligence(AI)Other Technologies Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Infrastructure, Big DataSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	10000
Publication Cost	Miscellaneous	1	10000	10000