A Controller Based Approach for Demand Side Management by Dynamic Energy Pricing in Smart Microgrid

In renewable powerplants (solar and wind) there is no constantly generation of power .This is  due  to uncertainty in wind pressure and changes in sunlight intensity. As a result fluctuations are appeared in electricity generation . The idea of FYP is to manage the energy on demand side to

Project Title

A Controller Based Approach for Demand Side Management by Dynamic Energy Pricing in Smart Microgrid

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

In renewable powerplants (solar and wind) there is no constantly generation of power .This is  due  to uncertainty in wind pressure and changes in sunlight intensity. As a result fluctuations are appeared in electricity generation . The idea of FYP is to manage the energy on demand side to overcome the fluctuations in generation of the renewable energy sources .The demand of consumers is elastic which is controllable by price signal .There is unbalance in demand and supply that is the error ,close loop operations are applicable to minimize the error. The current study concerns the problem of closed loop elastic demand control for future smart grids.  The theoretical discussion is taken under consideration to control the elastic demand through broadcasting dynamic price signal. For the calculation of approximate dynamic energy price to reduce energy balance error, we employed particle swarm optimization sliding mode controller (PSOSMC) in closed loop demand control simulations. The working of close loop  demand control system can be summarized  as: There is a mismatch between generation and demand which is called balance error or close loop feedback error.   PSOSMC  generates the price signal driving the balance error towards zero in time. The closed loop feedback error approximates to zero if the feedback control system is stable and steady state error of system is zero,. Therefore, closed loop elastic demand control system reaches energy balance by persistently updating energy price. In this approach, energy prices, transmitted to consumer's demand response programs (agents), are used for the management of domestic loads according to consumer preferences.

 Matlab/Simulink  model is applied for simulation study. The simulation model is composed of a PSOSMC  and a demand response model under the unity negative feedback. For the demand response modeling in simulation, a price-demand response model in the form of first-order variable gain dynamic system was developed. As an illustrative simulation example, a renewable energy integrated microgrid management scenario is studied and the proposed closed loop elastic demand control scheme is implemented according to this microgrid management scenario. It is clear by the results and observation of  simulation  that closed loop elastic demand control is a strong candidate to maintain energy balance automatically in smart grids in the case of generation fluctuations.

Project Objectives

The objectives of project are mentioned below:

• There is a creation of balanced between fluctuation in power generation and elastic demand in smart grid.
• Enhancement of the consumers reliability by consistently supplying power without load shedding.
• Change the prices in such a way that elastic demand can trace the fluctuation power.

Project Implementation Method

Methodology for Implementation of Project:

• A theoretical study is conducted on opportunities wide area closed loop elastic demand control through broadcasted dynamic pricing in price-based demand response programs.

• A super-twisting sliding mode controller (STSMC) is employed in simulations to balance the closed-loop demand with a generation dynamic pricing scheme broadcasted by the demand response program.
• The STSMC based controlled closed-loop demand closely follows the generation with a balance error approaches towards zero.
• Thus the control theoretical study demonstrates that if the controller feedback is stable and the system has zero steady state error, then closed loop feedback approaches to zero.
• Simulation results validated that our proposed STSMC has optimally controlled closed-loop elastic demand under dynamic pricing and preserve the balance between demand and generation in a smart micro grid with high penetration of renewable energy.

Step 1: Literature review

Step 2: Research gaps

Step 3: Proposed problem statement

Step 4: Proposed system mode

Step 5: Starting of implementation

Step 6: Results

Step 7: Thesis write up

Benefits of the Project

Benefits of project’s results:

•Resolving energy crisis

•Demand side load management

•Diminishing load shedding

•Applicable by WAPDA

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Final deliverable  of the project can  show the fruitful consequences . To maintain  balance of energy demand and supply is a basic problem  due to variations in environmental conditions  and high fluctuation in the generation of distributed renewable energy sources and elastic demand conditions. The project is  useful for automated energy balancing that is helpful for to minimize the power shortfall and load shedding risk. In any country where  there is energy crisis and government wants to get rid of this trouble ,this idea will be cooperative. In liberal markets,  when demand and supply are equalized , the price of the product is more profitable. this provides an optimal price  for the product market. The optimal price is obtained in the case when error is equal to zero and energy balancing occur. When the energy generation price increases by the PSO controller in order to generate more energy for earning huge  profit. As the traders  provide the desired  energy, the controller maintains the energy balance by  reducing  energy prices .For the business class and investors this idea is more attractive . As it is highly advantageous and create  no loss or deficit in their business. As for as people welfare  is concern,  low-cost  energy supply give opportunity to   smart grid consumers to use their appliances at low-price times . The energy price signals are appeared on the smart meters .Public  will consume the power according to the price .It is beneficial for the consumers to take the consumption of energy for their  mandatory purposes and make their life easy and comfortable .  .Industrialists  can run the heavy machinery in their industries and factories for making production in order to get the benefit. Along with this elastic demand can also be controlled .    Smart grids  will have to be very  flexible volatile so that they can response quickly to real-time fluctuations  energy generation and uncertainty in demand and weather condition . In complex market structures containing large numbers of independent and diverse energy suppliers  and fluctuating consumer demands  control of human on energy price is ineffective . Because the human decision-making process is not so more quick and fast. Close loop elastic demand control by PSO  provides , energy market management of future smart grids that are  more autonomous ,reliable,  robust, and smarter as well. These properties of the system enhances its demand for commercialization purposes. This project develops the ecofriendly environment without increasing the greenhouse effects and poisonous pollutions. The electricity generations is more efficient  without the transmission losses. It can reduce the depletion of fossil fuels. Power is persistently supplied to consumers . It is more profitable for suppliers and consumers as well .These are certain steps that can attract the investors to show their interest.

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Core Industry

Energy

Other Industries

Manufacturing

Core Technology

Internet of Things (IoT)

Other Technologies

Artificial Intelligence(AI)

Sustainable Development Goals

Affordable and Clean Energy

Required Resources

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