Unified Power Flow Controller for power quality Improvement In Transmission Lines

The modern day power grids comprises of the complex systems. The increasing demand of the electric power is also increasing the number of power lines. Hence it creates a kind of mesh on the grid which becomes difficult to handle and control. It necessitates the better control of the power transmissi

Project Title

Unified Power Flow Controller for power quality Improvement In Transmission Lines

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

The modern day power grids comprises of the complex systems. The increasing demand of the electric power is also increasing the number of power lines. Hence it creates a kind of mesh on the grid which becomes difficult to handle and control. It necessitates the better control of the power transmission lines, which are capable of handling the power more efficiently and effectively. For this purpose a new type of devices known as UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller) devices is introduced. This devices can control the voltage, current, impedance and phase angle in the transmission line.

The UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller) is an advanced FACTS device which can be used to control the real and reactive power flow as well as it can enhance the system stability in the transmission line. It can simultaneously or selectively control the voltage, impedance and phase angle in a transmission line and that is why it is known as the unified device.

The UPFC uses the solid state devices. It comprises of the two voltage source converters, which are connected through a common DC link capacitor. The first voltage source is known as the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) which can provide the sinusoidal current of variable magnitude through the shunt transformer connected to the transmission line. The second voltage source converter known as the static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) provides the sinusoidal voltage of variable magnitude through the series transformer connected to the transmission line. The DC link capacitor act as the real power exchanger.

There are different advanced control techniques for the UPFC device, like the robust control, PID control and use of the fuzzy logic control method. The controller can adjust the UPFC inputs by the appropriate processing of the input error signals. Each one of the technique has its own design specifications, as well as each one of them can be implemented using the Matlab/ Simulink software to analyze the results of the UPFC device.

Project Objectives

The core objective of this project is to design a low voltage three phase hardware prototype of a UPFC device to acheive the follwing objectives:

1. To Control the active and reactive power flow through the transmission lines.

2. To reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the transmission lines. 

3. To compensate faults like voltage sags and voltage swells occurring in power transmission system.

Project Implementation Method

The project will be implemented in two phases. The 1st phase will be based on simulation of the prototype in matlab/Simulink. In the second phase hardware prottype will be designed.

Matlab Simulation:

In the 1st phase single phase model in the matlab will be designed and simulated to verify the model results. If the model is tested with positive results then we will go for the hardware prototype of the project.

Implementation of the Controller:

The project begins with the collection of bus data and transmission line parameters.Based on the data collected for the transmission line, a load flow study of the system using the Load flow techniques is done to obtain the voltage profile at the respective buses as well as real power flow in the network.The result obtained from the load flow study is further analyzed to obtain buses whose voltage magnitude is lower or greater than a limit of ±5% together with the overall real power loss of the system.The buses with unacceptable voltage magnitude as well as transmission lines with unacceptable losses are identified from the network.That is, the buses voltages and line losses for the network are analyzed for the transmission system. Any of the transmission lines having any two of the violations (bus voltage5%) are considered for the simulation of UPFC.The FACTS device (Unified Power Flow Controller) is introduced to such affected lines and hence the behavior of such buses and lines after the introduction of the FACTS device is improved and the losses are compensated.

Benefits of the Project

This controller facilitate the power systems with the controlling of most of the parameters. Contributed technical benefits are following:

1. Power flow control.

2. Increment in the loadability of lines to their thermal, voltage and SSS limits.

3. Increase the transient and dynamic stability, limiting short-circuit currents and overloads and hence making system more secure.

4.  Provide reactive power compensation.

 5. Provide greater flexibility for new generation.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The final prototype of this project will be designed keeping in mind the transmission line voltage which will be of 440 volts in our case. So the device will be capable of operating at 440 volts, 5 amperes and a power rating of 2.2 kw with a slight margin to accomodate the abnormal changes in the transmission line parameters. similarly all other components used in this project like series and shunt transformers, thyristors etc. will also be choosen of power electronic devices with high voltges and current carrying capability to withstand the line voltages and current ratings.

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Core Industry

Energy

Other Industries

Core Technology

Others

Other Technologies

Sustainable Development Goals

Responsible Consumption and Production

Required Resources

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