Transmission line fault detection using GSM

Project Title

Transmission line fault detection using GSM

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

Three phase Transmission Line is mostly used in industrial application due to its reliability, low cost and high performances. Three phase Transmission Line is generally suffering from over/under current, over/under voltage, phase failure, phase to phase, phase to neutral fault. Traditionally protection schemes of Three Phase Transmission Line suffered from the defect of inflexibility which causes difficulties when dealing with the introduction of special control features which differ from the standard systems, the implementation of unforeseen operational changes after installation of equipment, and the recent trend to depart from standard substation configurations. In such cases relatively high engineering charges and development costs may be incurred. These factors have encouraged the movement towards more flexible approaches; an obvious one is to use programmable sequence controllers. While for many applications it provides economic equipment, for applications above a certain order of complexity the equipment may become bulky with many components. Firstly, the principle of the system is such that wide use is made of large scale integrated circuits which means that the number of components is minimized, resulting in good reliability and small size. Secondly, it is possible to perform a certain amount of self checking in normal operation. The working module mostly consists of analogue to digital conversion, fault detection, tripping signal generation. The limited DC voltage output of the measuring unit is directly proportional to the operating current, the voltage fed to an Arduino, whose function is to perform all the tasks sequentially shown in block diagram through an appropriate programming.

       In order to reduce damage of transmission line due to fault, reliable, high speed , sensitive and dependable protection system is a primary requirement of today’s interconnected power system. Accurate pin pointing of fault location and diagnosis is also required to expedite service restoration and thus, to reduce outage time, operating costs, and customer complaints.

Project Objectives

Main objectives of project are

1. To locate fault accurately and precisely.
2. To locate the distance of fault in the Transmission line cables from grid station.

3. To find the type of fault and display it on LCD.

4. To save time and effort and improve system stability

5. To design the model for the simulation.

6. To design the hardware model.

7. To send alert text message to the autharity using GSM Module.

Project Implementation Method

In this project we will use 6 step-down transformers to step down the voltage according to our need, 2 Electric poles for transmission purposes, an Arduino to control the whole working, 3 relays to cut of the circuit if any fault occured, a LCD to display the fault type and line name on which fault is occured and a GSM module to send alert message to the relevant authority.

Benefits of the Project

Some of benifits of project are:-
1. Can be used for much efficient way
of transmitting electricity in farther
areas.
2. Can be used of protection in
household.
3. Use in industrial instrument
protection.

4. Faster detection and solution of
faults.

5. Can be used for Spark detection.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

When AC is applied to the primary winding of the power transformer it can either be stepped down or up depending
on the value of DC needed. In our circuit the transformer of 230v/12v is used to perform the step down operation where
a 230V AC appears as 12V AC across the secondary winding the 12V AC is applied to the primary winding of the current transformer it can  be stepped down or .In our circuit the current transformer of 12v/5v is used to perform the step down operation where a 12V AC appears as 5V AC across the secondary winding of the current transformer.

             A bridge rectifier of four diodes is used to achieve full wave rectification. Two diodes will conduct during the negative cycle and the other two will conduct during the positive half cycle. The DC voltage appearing across the output terminals of the bridge rectifier will be somewhat less than 90% of the applied RMS value. Filter circuits, which usually capacitor is acting as a surge arrester, always, follow the rectifier unit. This capacitor is also called as a decoupling capacitor or a bypassing capacitor, is used not only to ‘short’ the ripple with frequency of 120Hz to ground but also to leave the frequency of the DC to appear at the output. The voltage regulators play an important role in any power supply unit. The primary purpose of a regulator is to aid the rectifier and filter circuit in providing a constant regulators have an inherent problem of changing DC voltage values due to variations in the load or due to fluctuations in the AC liner voltage. This DC voltage is given to the arduino. Whenever a fault is occured arduino gives signal to relay to cut of that line connection, show the line name on LCD and send the text alert message to the authority through GSM.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other IndustriesCore Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Decent Work and Economic Growth, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Climate ActionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	9400
Arduino UNO	Equipment	1	800	800
GSM Module	Equipment	1	5500	5500
Electric Poles	Equipment	2	750	1500
LCD	Equipment	1	450	450
Resistors, Capacitors	Equipment	50	5	250
Lamps	Equipment	3	50	150
Brigde Rectifiers	Equipment	3	250	750