Synthesis and Characterization of lead free BiFEO3 based piezoelectric ceramics

The project is synthesizing and characterizing lead-free piezoelectric ceramic. This past couple of years have been much keen in the synthesis of a lead free  material from the lead dominated ceramics that recently dominates the piezoelectric industry for various devices. Now a days the health

Project Title

Synthesis and Characterization of lead free BiFEO3 based piezoelectric ceramics

Project Area of Specialization

Biomedical Engineering

Project Summary

The project is synthesizing and characterizing lead-free piezoelectric ceramic. This past couple of years have been much keen in the synthesis of a lead free  material from the lead dominated ceramics that recently dominates the piezoelectric industry for various devices. Now a days the health hazards along with environmental effects of lead are of a great concerns. In industrial environment, there has been laudable work to minimize the usage of lead. But there is no permanent and reliable lead free ceramics have been found yet and the developing demand for same performance material is our major concern nowadays. In the report it has been briefed to foundations of piezoelectricity and the recent research focus on the subject.

The development of lead-free alternative piezoceramics has been the main focus of interest over the last decade  due to the environmental concern and legislation imposed on the lead-based materials; such as PZT and its solid solution. Lead-free piezoelectric materials such as Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3  and K0.5Na0.5NbO3 based ceramics have been extensively investigated and signi?cant improvement in their piezoelectric performance has been realized. However, these systems have drawbacks of low temperature depolarization and polymorphic phase transition which limit their practical application.

Lead-free capacitors(ClassII) are used in electronics  that can operate at high temperatures above 200°C because of their optimum and stable dielectric properties. Passive component capacitorsare extensively employed in aerospace, defense, consumer electronics, automotive, cellular phone and many other electrical and electronic applications. In typical relaxor ferroelectric materials, e.g., lead magnesium niobate (Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3, PMN)-based ceramics, the temperature-dependent relative permittivity (?r) shows a wide range of frequency dependence at a maximum temperature (Tmax).

Project Objectives

The soaring awareness in health threats  and environment effects regarding lead have increased  a growing keenness in synthesizing the free of lead alternatives to that of Lead Zirconate Titanate [PZT], that is dominating in the workspace and  the market in current situation. This project involves the fabrication and the characterization of BiFeO3 based piezoelectric ceramics. Samples with different mole% will be synthesized by Solid State Sintering  before the key functional physical properties will be analyzed. Then the effect of La doping on the field induced strain response, ferroelectric, dielectric and structural phase behavior of  0.67BiFeO3-0.33BaTiO3 ceramics will be investigated. X-ray diffraction result will reveal the pattern of perovskite structure. With the increasing La doping concentration, field induced strain behavior, dielectric constant and dielectric temperature will be measured. Using scanning electron microscope, the grain size and bulk microstructure will be observed. These analyzed results will suggest if our fabricated material will be perceived as a promising alternative of *lead-based ceramic materials.

Project Implementation Method

Our lead free piezoelectric material will have compareable properties to lead based piezoelectrics as it has vast applications in electronics and mechatronics industry.

Benefits of the Project

Utilization of Research

• As the Actuators in Fuel Injectors
• Acuosto-optic Modulators
• controlling the valve in motors
• Back and forth of Camera Lens
• In RADAR
• Biomedical modern Operation
• Ultrasonic Dental Scaler,  Surgery Instruments & Ultrasound Scanners.
• Piezoelectric
• Piezoelectric Transformer
• Piezoelectric Motor
• Piezoelectric actuator
• Piezoelectric accelerometer

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Lead-Free Perovskites

 

Lead free piezoelectric of perovskite structure is main topic of study now a day. Bismuth sodium titanite(a lead free material) discovered in 1961[5]. It has a high level curie temperature of 320°C and polarization. It has ineffective poling due to high conductivity. In order to get a dense body it has high sintering temperature. In its pure form it is not a good alternative. The compositions developed by conventional ceramic processing have properties and their pooling process is easy. The presence of rhombohedral-tetrahedral structure is found in BNT-BaTiO3. Systems with MPB compositions have shown better piezoelectric properties and the value d33 is double[6] as compared to unmodified BNT.A system, properties near to PZT was discovered by Chanetal. It can be used in manufacturing of wire bonding transducer[7].Poor temperature stability is due to curved nature of MPB. It has limited usage in high temperature applications because its depolarization temperature is below the curie temperature.

Barium Titanate Structures

Barium Titanate looks like a white powder its chemical formula is BaTiO3.  Its large crystals are clear. It has many piezoelectric benefits. It has wide applications in capacitors, optics and transducer. It structure is based on temperature. It has four polymers named as cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic and rhombohedral. All show ferroelectricity. The liquid has different structure than liquid. It can be formed hydrothermal method. It can be formed by heating barium carbonate and titanium dioxide. We use liquid phase sintering method. Its reaction with nitrogen trichloride produce mixture of gray color. Particle morphology and its properties have been studied. Barium titanate has higher permittivity. In phase transition process that brings a change in volume and phase. The phase change process a great impact on the structure of the materials. It creates a negative bulk modulus. There is opposite direction displacement. It is not soluble in water. When the particle size is reduced the bandgap is increased. The mechanical energy changes to electric in piezoelectric materials. It acts a dielectric and find its application in capacitors. 7000 is its dielectric constant values. It varies with temperature. It has its applications in microphones. Barium titante is considered for the formation of lead free piezoelectric materials.120°C is its curie point temperature. Its crystallization forms a cubic structure and structure like perovskite.

Formula

The formula for composition as:

Material

  BaTiO3 

BNT

BNT-BaTiO3

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Core Industry

Others

Other Industries

Education , Medical , Agriculture , Telecommunication

Core Technology

Others

Other Technologies

Wearables and Implantables

Sustainable Development Goals

Good Health and Well-Being for People, Affordable and Clean Energy, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Partnerships to achieve the Goal

Required Resources

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