Static Power Sources Synchronization

Project Title

Static Power Sources Synchronization

Project Area of Specialization Shared EconomyProject Summary

Smart Grid technologies have been of growing interest which motivated us to study the operation of intelligent inverters in a microgrid. The need to address the issues and limitations associated with the implementation of Renewable Energy Sources as Distributed Generators impelled a focused research on interconnection of static sources. A linkage can be only achieved by a robust synchronization and so several synchronization techniques are compared and sifted. Aim of our project is to enable parallel operation of power electronics inverters by building a microgrid.

Project Objectives

Ensuring concurrent operation and integration of renewable energy sources by building a microgrid to achieve parallel power sharing.

Project Implementation Method

Design Methodology is divided into 4 different stages:

Power Electronics Inverter:

This stage is developed to convert raw input power into a more useful form with high degree of power quality.

Hierarchical Control Architecture:

Divided into Distributed Control and Supervisory Control; this stage enable parallel operation of inverters and power transfer capability.

Embedded System Design:

Embedded system is developed for signal processing and to do mathematical calculations in real time.

Final Product:

The last stage deal with hardware realization and turning the project into a cyber-physical system.

Waterfall model is adopted for Main Stages; Agile methodology approach was adopted for subsystems.

Benefits of the Project

Traditional grid infrastructure suffers from power losses. One way to deal with this problem is to use Distributed Generation units. Most of the distributed energy sources comprises of renewables. Renewable energy sources like solar have low energy density and are not able to sustain the full load demand of a locality. Consequently, we have to compromise on operations.

Interconnection of multiple Distributed Generations, Energy Storage System and Load can significantly eliminate problems associated with renewable energy sources especially when used as decentralized distributed generations.

The product allow peer-to-peer energy trading. Prosumers who have surplus energy would be able to either store it with energy storage systems, or supply others who are in energy deficit. This will allow users to sell excess electricity to each other, encouraging customers to participate in energy transaction. The projects also aim to promote green energy technology. Synchronization of multiple renewable energy sources helps in smoothing out the supply variability. It will balance electricity demand and supply curve of a locality. It will also increase system reliability. Electricity from panels will not be wasted. Higher power requirements will also be met.

It would be an attractive choice for residential consumers since it would substantially reduce the electric bills as renewables are the cheaper options. Similarly, this can be employed by industries too to integrate their energy systems.

The product can be installed on residences and institutions such as schools and hospital. It allows the customer to use the most economical power solution which will generate demand.

Its demand would increase more rapidly in the long run due to the advancement in renewable energy which will reduce the installation cost making the system more efficient.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

In our system, two Smart Grid Inverters or Intelligent Hybrid Inverters are running in parallel. Each inverter can deliver power to the load by maintaining the equillibrium between energy demanded and energy supplied.

We have established a reliable and efficient control for residential customers by which inverter and grid would maintain efficient load sharing and would adjust  autonomously on sudden load changes. The load is shared to achieve the least operating point for residential consumer.

Sensors are used for real time data acquisition at the point of common coupling. After digitization, these signals are used to process electrical parameters and to match it with the network requirements continuously. Techniques like Artificial Droop and Pulse Width Modulation are developed for Power Flow Control and Information Coding. This information then is fed to inverter to generate new output power as desired. The whole operation works in a feedback loop system.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemType of Industry IT , Energy Technologies Shared Economy, Clean TechSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean EnergyRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	64650
Component Materials: Filter , Resistors, Power Semiconductors ....	Equipment	2	3000	6000
Integrated Chips (ICs): ADC, Opto-couplers, Gate Drivers	Equipment	2	2500	5000
Circuitry Design: Jumper Wires, Testing Board, Connectors, headers ...	Equipment	4	500	2000
PCB Fabrication: Boards, Etching Chemicals, drill bits, Apparatus ...	Equipment	12	300	3600
Current Sensors	Equipment	8	300	2400
Voltage Sensors	Equipment	4	600	2400
Instruments: Multi-meters, Power logger, Soldering Iron ...	Equipment	1	6000	6000
Primary Controller: Raspberry Pi Model 3B+	Equipment	2	5600	11200
Secondary Controller: Arduino	Equipment	2	800	1600
Protection System: Fuses, Circuit Breakers ...	Equipment	2	1000	2000
Metallic Casing Foundry Work	Equipment	1	9000	9000
Wiring Cables for high current network	Equipment	1	650	650
12V Battery 7Ah	Equipment	2	1400	2800
9V Battery, battery connectors.	Equipment	20	150	3000
Mechanical Toolbox, Screws, Spacers, Quality Improvement	Equipment	1	5000	5000
Glossy Papers, insulation Tape, Soldering Wire, Sticky Notes.	Miscellaneous	1	1000	1000
Testing, Troubleshooting. Load, Extension, System Availability	Miscellaneous	1	1000	1000