Solid State DC Circuit Breaker

Project Title

Solid State DC Circuit Breaker

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

Direct Current (DC) circuit breaker is an important element for the stable operation of DC power systems. Conventional DC circuit breakers have a slow response due to their mechanical nature and there is a risk of high damage. Therefore, this project proposes a new Solid State DC Circuit Breaker (SSDCCB) suitable for DC grids. It has a low semiconductor conduction loss, quick reclosing, and rebreaking capabilities. It can interrupt and clear the fault within 1[ms].

Most of the conventional SSDCCBs cannot perform the operating duty and are not economical because many SCR is required. The proposed SSCB has a quick reclosing and rebreaking capability. Suitable for domestic and commercial purposes at a rated power of 0.55[kW] and voltage of 110[V] at a rated current of 5[A].

Project Objectives

Since sensitive loads and DC distribution are used widely, the DC SSCBs are essential to maintain the high power quality of the DC grid. Therefore, this project proposes a new DC SSCB that has low conduction loss due to its main thyristor, simple structure, and good characteristic of rapid breaking within 300[usec] of short circuit faults. Furthermore, the manufacturing cost of the proposed DC SSCB can be reduced thanks to lower-rated devices and a reduced number of auxiliary SCRs. It can also perform the operating duty of reclosing and rebreaking since the recharging operation of the capacitor is possible regardless of the fault state on the load side.

Project Implementation Method

Our project is hardware integration-based designing of a Solid State DC circuit breaker.

We will use the following software to implement our strategy

1. MATLAB
2. Multisim
3. PSIM
4. PSCAD
5. Proteus

Benefits of the Project

DC power system is more efficient than AC but still, short circuit faults and sags/swells are there.

There is a lack of techniques for the stability of the DC power system, so the system suffers damage due to fire, arc, or spark.

Two basic techniques based on the mechanism of faults clearance by CB in the DC system are,

1.  Mechanical DC Circuit Breakers(MDCCB)
2.  Solid-State DC Circuit Breakers(SSDCCB)

Mechanical Circuit Breakers are capable of breaking faults in several milli-seconds causing damage with slow break capability.

In contrast, SSDCCB can break fault within one millisecond at a lower fault current level with fast-break capability.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

SCR 
INDUCTORS
CAPACITORS 
DIODES                                                                        RESISTORS                                                                            Stepdown Transformer (220V/12V)                                  Bridge Rectifier IC (DI106)                                         Capacitor (470F/16V)                                                      LM7815 Regulator IC                                                      TLP250 Optocoupler

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Manufacturing Core Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean EnergyRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	13540
Stm32F401	Equipment	1	1000	1000
Stepdown Transformer	Equipment	1	850	850
Bridge Rectifier IC	Equipment	1	200	200
LM7815 IC	Equipment	1	40	40
TLP250 Optocoupler	Equipment	1	130	130
Capacitor 470 F/16 V	Equipment	1	800	800
Inductor 20 micro H	Equipment	1	10	10
Inductor 400 micro H	Equipment	1	10	10
Capacitor 100 F	Equipment	1	600	600
SCR SKTT 56/12E	Equipment	1	6600	6600
Diode SKKD 81/16E	Equipment	1	3300	3300