Solar and IOT based water purifier

Project Title

Solar and IOT based water purifier

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

Water is vital resource for life. Drinking safe water is important aspect for a healthy life. In modern world water pollution is one of the major cause for various types of water-borne diseases, 40% of the deaths worldwide are caused by water pollution. The clean and safe drinking water is getting depleted every second hence water purification is todays need. World bank estimates that 21% of communicable diseases in pakistan are related to unsafe water, contamination has been a long standing problem in our country. Water is an essential need for human lives. The water we consume today consists of hazardous toxins. Thus, it is essential to use a proper filtration process to remove the impurities thus making water safe for consumption. Reverse Osmosis (RO) is one of the cheapest methods for water filtration. The main impurity present in water is total dissolved solids (TDS). Nowadays many RO purifiers provide water with TDS value in the range between 30 mg/lt - 50 mg/lt. This low TDS value in water results in lack of essential nutrients to human body and causes many health issues, so it has been set undesirable for drinking by the National Green Tribunal and it has ordered the government to ban the purifiers which provide water with TDS value less than 500 mg/lt. The amount of water wasted from the RO purifier is quite high and it consumes more electricity. The existing system fails to detect any fault or breakage in RO membrane, which is overcome in our proposed system. Our proposed system could provide a better solution for the arisen problem. This system consists of Arduino microcontroller used for controlling and monitoring process. The control part involves measuring the TDS and directing the water flow depending on the threshold value. Due to this life expectancy of RO membrane can be improved. The monitoring process is used in detection of RO membrane breakage and pH of water. An IOT module is used to monitor and send information to the consumer and vendor. This system helps to overcome the health issues due to consumption ofwater with TDS below 500mg/lt.. The proposed system is portable, automatic water quality monitoring and notification system saves time and human resources. The notification will be sent to authorized person when sensors will detect bad water quality. It is low cost system for real time water quality monitoring.

Project Objectives

This system helps to overcome the health issues due to consumption ofwater with TDS below 500mg/lt.. The proposed system is portable, automatic water quality monitoring and notification system saves time and human resources. The notification will be sent to authorized person when sensors will detect bad water quality. It is low cost system for real time water quality monitoring.

Objectives:

? To provide purifier with water TDS measurement and display.

1.  To provide day by day measure of water usage.
2.  Alert for candle life.
3.  The data will be uploaded to cloud server and user can know water usage by embedded display in purifier.
4.  Manufacturer of water purifier can charge the user based on water usage instead of the amount charged for purifier.

Project Implementation Method

STEP 1: The water at the inlet pipe of the purifier enters the pre carbon filter to filter the pollutants present in it. The pollutants with size 0.5 to 50 µm are removed.

STEP 2: The water filtered from the pre carbon filter enters the sediment filter to remove the sediments, sand silts, debris in the water.

STEP 3: The water with some micro impurities enters the post carbon filter. The post carbon filter eliminates the pollutants with size less than 0.5 µm. STEP 4: The total dissolved solids is measured here with the help of TDS sensor 1. The measured TDS1 value data is collected by the Arduino microcontroller and is given to the IOT module for continuous monitoring of the data.

STEP 5: The measured TDS is then compared with the threshold values by the microcontroller. If the measured TDS1 value is less than 500, the water is directly directed to the UV filter. STEP 6: Else the TDS1 of the water is greater than 500, it is sent to the RO membrane for further purification.

STEP 7: In the reverse osmosis process the water is filtered using a thin membrane to remove the heavy metals present in it. Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a partially permeable membrane to remove ions, unwanted molecules and larger particles from water to make it suitable for drinking.

STEP 8: After the RO membrane, the TDS value of the water is measured using TDS sensor 2.

STEP 9: The TDS1 and TDS2 values are compared in the microcontroller, if the values are same, the problem in the RO membrane is identified and a message is sent to the consumer and the vendor using a GSM module.

STEP 10: After all these filtration, the water is finally sent to the mineral cartridge. In the mineral cartridge the TDS of water is slightly increased by adding minerals like calcium, magnesium.

STEP 11: A pH sensor is placed after the mineral cartridge to check the pH level of the water. The pH value is also updated in the IOT module for continuous monitoring purpose

STEP 12: If the measured pH is in the range 6.5 to 7.5, the water is normal. Else if the measured value is below 6.5, a message is sent to the consumer and vendor using the GSM indicating that the water is acidic.

STEP 13: If the measured pH value is greater than 7.5, a message is sent to the consumer and vendor using the GSM indicating that the water is base.

STEP 14: The last stage of filtration is the UV filter. The microorganisms and harmful bacteria and viruses are killed at this stage and here finally comes the pure water with appropriate TDS level, which is suitable for drinking.

Benefits of the Project

Using this proposed system water with appropriate TDS level is obtained for drinking. Also the wastage of water is reduced by using this system. As Arduino is used as the main microcontroller, it results in low cost and it is reliable. Using the IOT cloud, the data of TDS and pH can be monitored from anywhere at any time. This proposed system could be a better solution for the arisen problem, as our model provides water with TDS range above 500mg/liter which is prescribed by the world health organization.

This system helps to overcome the health issues due to consumption ofwater with TDS below 500mg/lt.. The proposed system is portable, automatic water quality monitoring and notification system saves time and human resources. The notification will be sent to authorized person when sensors will detect bad water quality. It is low cost system for real time water quality monitoring.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

PRE CARBON FILTER: The water at the inlet pipe of the purifier enters the pre carbon filter to filter the pollutants present in it. The pollutants with size 0.5 to 50 µm are removed.

SEDIMENT FILTER: The water filtered from the pre carbon filter enters the sediment filter to remove the sediments, sand silts, debris in the water.

POST CARBON FILTER: The water with some micro impurities enters the post carbon filter. The post carbon filter eliminates the pollutants with size less than 0.5 µm.

TDS SENSOR: The total dissolved solids is measured here with the help of TDS sensor 1. The measured TDS1 value data is collected by the Arduino microcontroller and is given to the IOT module for continuous monitoring of the data.

UV FILTER: The measured TDS is then compared with the threshold values by the microcontroller. If the measured TDS1 value is less than 500, the water is directly directed to the UV filter.

RO MEMBRANE: Else the TDS1 of the water is greater than 500, it is sent to the RO membrane for further purification.

RO PROCESS: In the reverse osmosis process the water is filtered using a thin membrane to remove the heavy metals present in it. Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a partially permeable membrane to remove ions, unwanted molecules and larger particles from water to make it suitable for drinking.

TDS 2: After the RO membrane, the TDS value of the water is measured using TDS sensor 2.

GSM MODULE: The TDS1 and TDS2 values are compared in the microcontroller, if the values are same, the problem in the RO membrane is identified and a message is sent to the consumer and the vendor using a GSM module.

MINERAL CARTRIDGE: After all these filtration, the water is finally sent to the mineral cartridge. In the mineral cartridge the TDS of water is slightly increased by adding minerals like calcium, magnesium.

PH SENSOR: A pH sensor is placed after the mineral cartridge to check the pH level of the water. The pHvalue is also updated in the IOT module for continuous monitoring purpose.

ACIDIC WATER: If the measured pH is in the range 6.5 to 7.5, the water is normal. Else if the measured value is below 6.5, a message is sent to the consumer and vendor using the GSM indicating that the water is acidic.

BASIC WATER: If the measured pH value is greater than 7.5, a message is sent to the consumer and vendor using the GSM indicating that the water is base.

UV FILTER: The last stage of filtration is the UV filter. The microorganisms and harmful bacteria and viruses are killed at this stage and here finally comes the pure water with appropriate TDS level, which is suitable for drinking.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Others Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies Clean TechSustainable Development Goals Clean Water and SanitationRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	70000
pre carbon filter	Equipment	1	4000	4000
sediment filter	Equipment	1	6000	6000
post carbon filter	Equipment	1	2500	2500
TDS sensor	Equipment	2	6000	12000
RO membrane	Equipment	1	4000	4000
Arduino Mega	Equipment	1	1800	1800
PH sensor	Equipment	1	8000	8000
Water sensor	Equipment	2	2500	5000
GSM module	Equipment	1	6000	6000
UV Filter	Equipment	1	1000	1000
12v Relay Module	Equipment	1	1500	1500
water tank	Equipment	2	1100	2200
12v Water Motor	Equipment	2	1500	3000
solar panel	Equipment	1	2000	2000
12 volt battery	Equipment	1	6000	6000
cart	Equipment	1	5000	5000