SMART NANO AND MICRO GRID POWER FLOW MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Numerous parts of electricity systems are quickly changing, including the capacity to locally produce power with sustainable power sources and incorporate neighbourhood stockpiling. As many countries in the world have limited non-renewable energy sources, so there is a need to utilize renewable natu

Project Title

SMART NANO AND MICRO GRID POWER FLOW MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Project Area of Specialization

Shared Economy

Project Summary

Numerous parts of electricity systems are quickly changing, including the capacity to locally produce power with sustainable power sources and incorporate neighbourhood stockpiling. As many countries in the world have limited non-renewable energy sources, so there is a need to utilize renewable natural energy resources to fulfil the demand of cheap and uninterrupted power supply. A new solution to this is to design such a grid architecture in which multiple Nano-grids are networked such that they form a micro-grid. Nano-grids inherently incorporate DC power for efficiency.

In this project, the target is to design such a network where each house is generating its own DC power with the help of PV panels and storing in local batteries, thus forming a Nano-grid. These Nano-grids are interlinked with a central battery bank forming a micro-grid, which will be capable enough to distribute and manage DC power efficiently among houses. The micro-grid will be able to distribute electricity to Nano-grids using priority method. The house which is on low power will be served first and so on. Each Nano-grid will also be able to facilitate other Nano-grids. There are heaps of potential advantages of organizing local DC power distribution along these lines. Transformation misfortunes would be cut, interests in inverters and breakers would be decreased, and device level controls would empower a considerably more productive approach to coordinate age or capacity abilities with interest. With a developing utilization of DC in end-user hardware, DC control appropriation will have the preferred standpoint that it can eliminate one phase of power change, in this manner, bringing about more noteworthy unwavering quality and investment funds.

Project Objectives

In this project, the aim is to develop such a system that can provide reliable and affordable DC power to the people. As we know that dc power is more efficent than AC and there are various products in the market which work on DC. The objective behind this project is

 To transmit power efficiently over Nano grids and micro grids using Direct Current.

• To manage power flow to and from houses and central battery bank.
• To minimize the monthly cost of consumer’s electricity bill.
• For billing and monitoring purposes using a cloud server.

• To facilitate the house which is on low energy using priority method

Project Implementation Method

The design will generate DC power using photovoltaic solar panels and dispatch DC power generated using nanogrids and microgrids. The DC power generated by the PV panels are stored in local batteries present in each house. Once the batteries are fully charged, the excess power produced is dispatched to the battery bank where batteries with larger capacities are located to store the energy.

Each house is interlinked independently with the central battery bank, which will enhance the capabilities to distribute and manage DC power. The central battery bank will be capable of meeting the demand & supply requirement of DC power between the houses efficiently. The microgrid will be able to set priorities of each nanogrid, it will know which house requires power and it will facilitate the respective nanogrid.

To generate DC power and dispatch DC power generated using nanogrids and microgrids by using the following components mentioned below:

• Photovoltaic Solar Panels
• Batteries
• DC Cables
• Controllers

Smart grid

A smart grid is an electrical grid which has a plenty of operational functions. This includes smart meters, appliances and renewable and efficient energy resources. Monitoring and controlling the flow of electricity is an important aspect of a smart grid. It should be capable of deciding which energy source to use.

Nano-grid

The combination of generating power through PV panels, storing in a battery, local DC appliances and DC-DC converters in an individual house frames a nanogrid

Micro-grid

 A minor, interconnected, self-sufficient electrical generation, transmission, and usage system. Every house generates its own electricity which is known as nanogrid, multiple nanogrids join to form a microgrid. The main task is to build an efficient mechanism through PV-distributed production to channel excess energy among the connected nodes

State of charge

 The concept of SOC (State of charge) would be used to constantly monitor the health of batteries placed in each house. By this method priority will be set through which energy will be supplied to that house. It will be decided whether a neighbouring house will facilitate it or the central battery bank.

Net metering

Net metering is a charging instrument that credits solar energy framework proprietors for the power they add to the grid. It permits private and business clients who create their own power from solar power to bolster power they don't use once again into the grid

Solar Charge Controller

A charge controller is basically a voltage or current regulator to avoid batteries from overcharging. Basically, it regulates the current and voltage coming from the PV panels which is going to the battery

Relay 5VDC

A relay is an electromechanical device. It is operated by an electrical current. The current that flows in one circuit causes the opening or closing of another circuit.

Benefits of the Project

• As the world is in demand of DC appliances and of dc supply, as it is more efficient, our project is totally based on dc supply and dc load.
• The concept of Nanogrid and Microgrid will help the consumers to fulfil their power requirements by communicating with the nearby connected houses or to the central battery bank.
• The concept of state of charge and depth of discharge will facilitate in setting preferences to distribute the excess power where needed the most.
• This will help consumers to minimize the monthly cost of electricity bill via using the concept of net-metering.
• The concept of online billing will facilitate the consumers to check their electricity usage through the website.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

At the end of the project we will be able to develop a system in which each house will be producing its own energy through PV panels. When the house produces excess energy it will be able to share the energy to another house or to the central battery bank. Concept of state of charge will be implemented to check the battery status of each house and priorities will be set. The house with the lowest SOC (state of charge) will be given the highest priority to fulfil their requirements. If no house requires the excess energy the energy shall be given to the central battery bank. The central battery bank is capable of facilitating houses in case they run out of energy.

Net metering concept is implemented, billing will be done of each house separately. Units consumed and units supplied will be used to generate an electricity bill. The data will be sent over to the cloud and consumers would be able to access their bills through our website.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Type of Industry

Energy

Technologies

Cloud Infrastructure, Shared Economy, Clean Tech

Sustainable Development Goals

Affordable and Clean Energy, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and Production

Required Resources

If you need this project, please contact me on contact@adikhanofficial.com