Smart grid and its protection from faults using programmable relays

Project Title

Smart grid and its protection from faults using programmable relays

Project Area of Specialization Artificial IntelligenceProject Summary

Normally, a single power source (i.e., WAPDA) is mostly used in houses or other areas. However, with an increasing number of population, there is a need to move towards renewable sources. At the same time, continuous supply of energy is also required without interruption even if some fault occurs in the utility. Therefore, there is a need of advanced automation system that controls more than one source (i.e., utility and DG/Solar/Wind, etc.) and provides an uninterrupted supply of energy even in the presence of a fault. If there are some faults that are related to supply sources such as over voltage and under voltage, the system automatically shifts toward other available energy source enabling the uninterrupted power supply to the customers. In this project, a fully automatic protection scheme for smart grid is developed and implemented, which provides continuous energy to the customers in the presence of a fault in the utility. In this project, current sensor, potential transformer, and Arduino are used to detect, control and switch the supply source and maintain a continuous supply of power to the load in the presence of faults.

Project Objectives

The objective of this project is to design a fully automatic protection scheme for a smart grid.

Project Implementation Method

In this project, two supplies are used. The first source is utility and the second source is battery charged by solar. If the faults occur in the system, the system will sense it with the help of sensors and then it will operate according to the given condition to the controller. In this project when the overvoltage and under voltage faults will occur the system will shift towards the battery. When the fault is removed from the utility, the system will automatically shift towards utility from the battery. In the case of overcurrent fault, the load will be disconnected from both the utility and the battery.

Benefits of the Project

• Protection of the sensitive load from faults in smart grid applications
• Fully automatic system
• Protection of the system from the fault current
• The circuit breaker is changed with programmable relay
• No human effort is needed in switching the circuit

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

A prototype of fully automated protection scheme.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemType of Industry Energy Technologies Artificial Intelligence(AI)Sustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	40070
Adapter 12V	Equipment	2	500	1000
Transformer 220V - 6V	Equipment	2	250	500
Bridge Rectifier	Equipment	4	30	120
Capacitor 470µF	Equipment	10	10	100
L7805 IC	Equipment	6	20	120
Current Sensor ACS 712	Equipment	4	400	1600
Resistor	Equipment	20	5	100
Transistor BC 547	Equipment	8	15	120
Diode	Equipment	20	5	100
LCD	Equipment	3	200	600
Arduino UNO	Equipment	3	600	1800
Relays SPDT 5V	Equipment	8	15	120
MOSFET Module	Equipment	1	3000	3000
Centre Tap Transformer 12V - 220V	Equipment	1	2500	2500
Solar Panel 50W	Equipment	1	8000	8000
Charge Controller 10A	Equipment	1	2000	2000
Battery 12V 12AH	Equipment	1	4000	4000
Power Resistor 5W	Equipment	5	50	250
Inductive Load (Fan 66W)	Equipment	1	1500	1500
Resistive Load 50W	Equipment	2	50	100
Resistive Load 200W	Equipment	2	100	200
Switch 5A	Equipment	6	10	60
Bulb Holder	Miscellaneous	3	100	300
PCB	Equipment	4	500	2000
Wire Connectors	Miscellaneous	18	10	180
Nut Bolts	Miscellaneous	20	5	100
Wire	Miscellaneous	1	400	400
Crocodile Clips	Miscellaneous	4	50	200
Capacitor 5µF	Equipment	3	100	300
Wooden Board 3ft * 2ft	Miscellaneous	1	500	500
Fare	Miscellaneous	10	500	5000
Stationary	Miscellaneous	20	160	3200