Single Phase Variable Frequency Drive for Fixed Load

Project Title

Single Phase Variable Frequency Drive for Fixed Load

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

Most of the machines that are used in the industry are three-phase induction motors that are using three-phase Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) for controlling speed and torque, But in commercial loads, we have single-phase loads, some are fixed loads (Refrigerator, Air conditioner, etc.) and some are variable load (single-phase induction, etc.). In this project, we will only work and focus on fixed loads, because they can work only in fixed parameters (i.e. because they do not change their load condition). It can reduce the factors that are responsible for decreasing load efficiency by creating frequent interruptions in the process. A lot of work has been reported by earlier researchers for cost saving in the case of VFD and mainly kept their focus on designing a three phases VFD. So now we will only focus on single-phase VFD for the fixed load to make their efficiency better, to reduce the cost of an electric bill, and to make our load secure from the impulse or any interruption of incoming source. Nowadays with technological advancements in drives system, the control of compressor motors is more economical and easy to use and they control the range of speed both below and above the base speed. The simulation using MATLAB (2016RA) for the designed circuit model will produce promising results. According to the requirement, these drives can fundamentally alter the voltage and the frequency which is being fed to the compressor motor using the technique called Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Because of their user-friendly feature and reasonable cost these devices are gaining more popularity. As the Variable Frequency Device uses the embedded system it can be programmed for automatic control reducing the manual intervention and interfaced with the computer. In the field of application, the usage of Variable Frequency Drive has gained its number (i.e. Air handler, chiller, pumps, and tower fans) are the common application of VFD.

Project Objectives

• Globally, VFDs are used across several end-use sectors, including infrastructure, industrial, power generation, and oil and gas so the main objective of this project is to make an economical device for all non-inverter devices. • Growing concerns regarding energy efficiency worldwide coupled with rising awareness about the benefits of these drives are boosting their adoption across these sectors so the objective of this project is to make able to save energy. • The main objective of the VFD is to vary the speed of the motor while providing the closest approximation to a sine wave for current (while pulsing DC voltage to the motor). • The objective of this project is to increase the efficiency of the load. • The objective of this project is to protect the load from electric hazards. • The objective of this project is to reduce the noise in the system. • The objective of this project is to convert (non-inverter) the old device into a new inverter device. • The objective of this project is to convert this project into a useful market product.

Project Implementation Method

The circuit can be fundamentally divided into these stages: The half-bridge driver stage and the PWM logic generator stage. The half-bridge driver stage uses the half-bridge driver IC which single-handedly takes care of the high voltage motor drive stage incorporating two high side and low side MOSFETs respectively. The driver IC thus forms the heart of the circuit yet requires just a few components for implementing this crucial function. The above IC however would need a high logic and a low logic in frequencies for driving the connected load at the desired specific frequency. These high and low input logic signals become the operating data for the driver IC and must include signals to determine the specified frequency as well as PWMs in phase with the mains AC. The above info is created by another stage comprising a couple of different ICs, components, and a decade counter IC. The ICs and components are responsible for generating the modified sine wave PWMs corresponding to the full-wave AC sample derived from a stepped-down bridge rectifier output. The modified sine wave PWMs are scanned at the outputs of the IC before feeding the load to super-impose the exact "print" of the modified PWMs at the output of the half-bridge driver and ultimately for the compressor which is being operated. The high voltage at the drain of the high side MOSFET must also be calculated appropriately and derived by rectifying the available mains voltage AC after suitably stepping it up or stepping it down as per the motor specs. The above settings will determine the correct volts per Hertz (V/Hz) for the particular compressor motor. The supply voltage for both the stages can be made into a common line, the same for the ground connection.

Benefits of the Project

Keeps starting current in control: A VFD has the capability of starting the motor at zero voltage and frequency, which keeps a check on motor winding flexing and heat generation. This helps in extending the motor life. Reduces power line disturbances: Any voltage sag caused in the power line can adversely affect voltage-sensitive devices such as proximity switches, sensors, and computers. Using VFDs eliminates voltage sag. Demands lower power on start: The power required to start an ac motor across the line is substantially greater than with a VFD. When industrial customers start these motors during peak hours of electrical consumption, they are likely to be charged with surge prices. However, with VFD demanding lower starting power, the issue can be addressed and has a high power factor. Helps in controlling operating speed and acceleration: Applications such as bottling lines that include easy-to-tip products significantly benefit from a gradual increase in power. This allows conveyor belts to smoothly rev up rather than an abrupt jerk to full power. They also allow speed to be remotely adjusted by a controller. Control is speed and acceleration is a big bonus to industries in a production process. Limits and adjusts torque: The drive is capable of limiting and adjusting the amount of torque so the ac motor never surpasses this limit. This protects machinery from damage and protects the process or product. Saves energy and cost: A VFD regulating a compressor motor that usually runs less than full speed can cut down energy consumption over a motor running at a constant speed for the same period. In addition, it eliminates the need for mechanical drive components, which also helps reduce overall costs.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Technical details of final deliverables outline a project's entire scope of work, while deliverables created during earlier phases of a project are probably not selected. Our project's initial deliverables are based on the circuit design of the project and then go for the second deliverables, implementation of the circuit, and the third stage developing the “Matlab” simulation. The ending phase of project deliverables can include a project business because there is a huge market that is waiting for this ‘Single Phase VFD” device. A better understanding of Variable Frequency Drives leads to improvements in usage and determining of some appliances of AC systems. Basic knowledge of operations, its terms, energy savings, and the power factors is the main aim of this dissertation also Harmonics mitigation by VFD and a simulation project to show how VFD is beneficial for energy savings. Further, we want to convert this project into a useful product because there is a huge market that is waiting for this ‘Single Phase VFD” device.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Others Core Technology OthersOther Technologies Clean TechSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	47000
Resistors	Equipment	20	5	100
Diodes	Equipment	20	20	400
Bridge rectifier	Equipment	10	30	300
Hardboard	Equipment	1	1000	1000
Heat skink	Equipment	10	300	3000
Connecting Wires	Equipment	20	10	200
AC Compressor (1 Ton)	Equipment	2	10000	20000
Thesis and Project Report	Miscellaneous	4	2500	10000
Refrigerator compressor	Equipment	2	5000	10000
PCB Circuit Plate	Equipment	2	1000	2000