Robust Speed And Torque Control Of EV Drivetrain

Project Title

Robust Speed And Torque Control Of EV Drivetrain

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

Project Summary:

Induction motor control is a difficult and complex engineering problem due to multivariable, highly non-linear, and time-varying dynamics. Among closed-loop controlling methods of an Induction motor where high accuracy and precise speed control is required, the vector control method is implemented. Through this control method, the induction motor operation can be analyzed in a similar way to the DC motor. The vector control method provides efficient and accurate control of the motor’s speed and torque. It is based on both the magnitude and angle of each phase current and voltage. The vector control analysis of an induction motor allows the decoupled analysis where the torque and flux components can be independently controlled (just as in a DC motor). This method of control proves essential in applications where high-performance motor control, such as operating smoothly over the full speed range, generate full torque at zero speed, and have high dynamic performance including fast acceleration and deceleration is required.

Project Objectives

Project Objective:

Induction motor drives are at the heart of modern industrial and commercial applications. The conventional control techniques of induction motor drives have shown less than expected dynamic performance. Like in scalar control(V/f) ensures ruggedness but on the other hand, it satisfies only moderate dynamic requirements.

This project proposes an indigenously developed speed and torque drive of a three-phase induction motor with a higher dynamic response. This dynamic response can be achieved by designing the motor driver using the vector control method and also provide a cost-effective solution for it. 

Project Implementation Method

• All 3-phase currents and rotor speed are measured using high-quality sensors and fed to the microcontroller
• Convert three-phase measured current into two-phase and then into d-q reference frame
• Design PI controller where d component vector is compared with its reference value and q component vector is compared to its reference value and error signals are generated
• Reverse conversions take place and eventually we get newly generated 3-phase values of currents 
• Design a three-phase PWM inverter that fed the newly generated three-phase current to the motor.
• Design a chases for the electric vehicle.

Benefits of the Project

Benefits

The benefits of the projects are:

• Industry 4.0:
  Helps in automate the industry 
• Cost-Effective:
  The machineries used in all industries can maintain in less budget
• Environment friendly:
  The EV-drive train can be used in private and commercial vehicles which results in no combustion of fossil fuel.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

There are two approaches to AC drives:

• Scalar Control
• Vector Control

In this project, we are using vector control specifically Field oriented Control (FOC).

Principle of Vector Control

• The motor phase currents Ia, Ib, Ic are converted to I_ds and I_qs in the stationary reference frame which is called Clarke-Transform.
• These are then converted to the synchronously rotating frame d-q currents Id and Iq which is called Park-Transform.
• In the controller two inverse transforms are performed:

1. From the synchronous d-q to the stationary d-q reference frame (Inverse Park transform)
2. From d-q to a, b, c (Inverse Clark transform)

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry TransportationOther Industries Manufacturing , Transportation Core Technology RoboticsOther Technologies Others, Clean TechSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Climate ActionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	50020
SCT-013-010	Equipment	3	800	2400
IR Sensor	Equipment	1	160	160
PCB Board	Equipment	3	120	360
Resistors	Equipment	100	3	300
Capacitors	Equipment	80	10	800
Motor	Equipment	2	15000	30000
Body	Equipment	1	5000	5000
Arduino	Equipment	2	1600	3200
Fabrication	Equipment	1	2000	2000
ICs	Equipment	10	150	1500
Transformer	Equipment	1	600	600
Wires	Equipment	10	60	600
Connectors	Equipment	4	200	800
Switch	Equipment	4	250	1000
Transportation	Miscellaneous	10	100	1000
Printer	Miscellaneous	100	3	300