Programmable Logic Controller based Traffic Density Control System with Emergency Vehicle Detection
Traffic Jam is one of the global issues which is faced by many cities throughout the world today. This problem has highest intensity in developing countries. Traffic jams causes disruption of traffic flow which also stop emergency vehicles from approaching to their destinations on time in a matter o
2025-06-28 16:28:52 - Adil Khan
Programmable Logic Controller based Traffic Density Control System with Emergency Vehicle Detection
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject SummaryTraffic Jam is one of the global issues which is faced by many cities throughout the world today. This problem has highest intensity in developing countries. Traffic jams causes disruption of traffic flow which also stop emergency vehicles from approaching to their destinations on time in a matter of life and death situations. Huge amount of time is wasted on the roads by the public, fire trucks, police patrols due to traffic jams. In 1912, traffic lights were constructed that were expected to control the smooth passage of vehicles and people at rails and road intersections, pedestrian crossings and other places. This system could not dynamically assign right of way to conflicting movements. Conventional traffic control system does not have any solution for not only density control but also for emergency vehicle detection and management. Since, it is said that conventional practice of traffic control system can be drastically problem creating in sense of density control and detection of emergency vehicle, with the assistance of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and sensors this issue can be eliminated for the sake of optimization and automation to control traffic lights in times of emergency. Our proposed system not only resolves the traffic density problem but also the emergency vehicle management This system retains its status before the operation of emergency interrupt which is an essential feature for the management of the traffic.
Project Objectives- To construct a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) based Traffic Control System.
- To control traffic based on traffic density on the roads.
- To control traffic based on emergency vehicle detection and management.
Our methodology involves designing a traffic control system at an intersection with four roads. Main concern is to create an infrastructure consisting of special features of density control and emergency vehicle management. There are twelve lights to be operated with the sequence of green, yellow and then red at each road. Normal sequence starts from road one green for 25s and then yellow for 5s. After this road one turns to red, and road two to green and so on. Normal sequence is operated in a loop and it does not stop unless our system is turned off or any interrupts (Density or Emergency) gets operated. There are eight interrupts which are to be operated in accordance with some conditions. The primary focus of our design is to set some conditions for operation of interrupts (Density or Emergency) in a way that some of the dilemmas involved with traffic congestions, are efficiently solved. Emergencies interrupts are taken as high priority because they involve life and death situations where as density interrupts are taken as low priority. Emergency interrupts are operated if and only road 1, road 2, road 3 or road 4 have been given their due time of normal sequence operation where as density interrupts are operated if and only road 4 has been give its due time of normal sequence. These two conditions give priority to emergency interrupts beside controlling density at an intersection. In order to give way to low dense roads, normal sequence runs after every completion of density interrupt. These conditions not only make density of four roads even but also manage emergency vehicle arriving at any of the road. When interrupts are on simultaneously, they can be given priorities based on data concerning emergency and density is analyzed which give information about which road gets dense or emergency arrives at which road more often.
Benefits of the Project- Our project solves the problem of Traffic Jam at any intersection it is implemented at.
- By operating interrupt based on the emergency vehicle, our project distributes the traffic equally on the roads involved in an intersection.
- Emergency vehicles are given the highest priority because they contain life and death situations.
- Our project gives the right of way to emergency vehicles which allows the emergency to approach to its destination faster than the usual.
- Our project retains the status of normal sequence, before operating any of interrupts, which not only avoids mess on intersection but also allows the rapid flow of traffic.
- Our project will contain Programmable Logic Controller, that will be main component of our deliverable. It will take decisions based on density and emergency.
- Density inputs will be taken through ultrasonic sensors.
- Emergency vehicle detection will be done through Radio Frequency modules that will be integrated to arduinos which will be connected to Programmable Logic Controller.
- There will be twleve signals to be connected to Programmable Logic Controller as inputs.
- Programmable Logic Controller will be supplied 24v DC from Power supply.
- Programmable Logic Controller will be able to be controlled through Human Machine Interface, since they will be integrated.
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 68600 | |||
| Programmable Logic Controller | Equipment | 1 | 16000 | 16000 |
| Power Supply 24v DC | Equipment | 1 | 3500 | 3500 |
| Signals | Equipment | 14 | 300 | 4200 |
| Arduino Uno | Equipment | 5 | 1300 | 6500 |
| Radio Frequency Sensor | Equipment | 4 | 1300 | 5200 |
| Ultrasonic Sensors | Equipment | 4 | 300 | 1200 |
| Wires and cables | Equipment | 100 | 100 | 10000 |
| 9 pin d type connector | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| 232 Usb converter | Equipment | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Human Machine Interface (HMI) Screen | Equipment | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |
| Stationary | Miscellaneous | 1 | 3000 | 3000 |
| Printing | Miscellaneous | 10 | 500 | 5000 |
| Over head | Miscellaneous | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |