Pre Heart Attack Detection and Smart Emergency Medical Attention System

Heart being the strongest muscle of the human body is responsible for the circulation of Oxygen-Rich blood all around the body. It mainly consists of four main chambers. Proper circulations of blood all around the body is necessary for an individual to retain a healthy life, Although Heart diseases

Project Title

Pre Heart Attack Detection and Smart Emergency Medical Attention System

Project Area of Specialization

Wearables and Implantable

Project Summary

Heart being the strongest muscle of the human body is responsible for the circulation of Oxygen-Rich blood all around the body. It mainly consists of four main chambers. Proper circulations of blood all around the body is necessary for an individual to retain a healthy life, Although Heart diseases are increasing day by day globally as well as in Pakistan which enables the need to evolve an accurate and affordable heart rate monitor to ensure the quality of life. Still now there is no proper intimation of Heart Attack and only after the occurrence of Heat Attack the patient can be monitored. Whereas mostly the Heart rate monitors already available are either too expensive or they do not follow ergonomics. The proposed project is cost effective and user friendly in all the aspects. It uses the technique of Photoplethysmography, which measures the heart rate on the principle of changes in light intensity through the changes in blood volume in a human artery.  

The Aim of this thesis is to design a High-Efficiency and low cost heart rate monitor which measures the heart rate of the patient on the principle of Photoplethysmography and detects for any abnormality in the functioning of heart. The system does this by placing the Bio sensor on any organ of the human body where the artery is near to skin surface and then measure the heart rate displaying the BPM on serial monitor as well as on the LCD display. Addition to that The proposed system continuously measures the Heart Rate and in case of any abnormality, the GSM module, GPS module and the warning circuitry is enabled to operate, through which the care takers and relatives of the patient are informed and a life at stake could be saved.

The system offers the advantage of portability over tape-based recording systems. The thesis explains the use of Arduino implemented as a microcontroller used to analyze the heart beat rate in real time. The substantial feature of this project is the use of PPG algorithm to calculate the heart rate and harmonize for any abnormality. It then processes the received information and notifies the patient for any abnormality as well as triggering the warning circuitry. Qualitative and quantitative performance estimation of the device on real time signals (PPG Waveforms) shows accuracy in evaluation of heart rate, even under intense physical activity. The developed system is tested on measurement from different male and female patients. The results exhibited the error ratio of the bio sensors to be negligible.

Project Objectives

The System "Pre Heart Attack Detection and Smart Medical attention system" aims to provide intimation in case of any abnormal heart rate by continously measurung the heart rate and in case of any abnormal activity of the heart rate the system aims to provide emergency resposnse by activating the GSM to send SMS to the numbers or emergency contacts stored in the program of the arduino, in addition to that the system also aims to activate the GPS as soon as any abnormality is inferred in order to provide the correct location of the patient who is using the device. Apart from that, one of the objectives also includes to visualize the heart rate on a computer software in the form of either Beats per minute (BPM) also in the form of a sinusoid. The project also aims to store the data of the patient for previous records of heart rate. In addition to measure the heart rate of the patient efficiently as well as effectively, another objective of the project is to measure the sorrounding temperature and the humidity levels and in case of any abnormality activates the GSM and GPS the same way as for heart rate. 

Project Implementation Method

The proposed system measures the heart rate and provides the real time information regarding BPM by which any abnormality is deduced. The system utilizes the technique of Photo phlethysmography (PPG) to measure the changes in blood volume and detect for any Abnormality before the occurrence of any distress. The comparative analysis has been taken into account to efficiently measure the PPG waveform and calculate BPM and call for emergency Response in case of any abnormality. The first step in the implementation of the project is setting up the required hardware and interface them with the microcontroller or arduino. It begins with interfacing the heart beat or pulse sensor with the arduino which works on the principle of photo phlethesmography to detect the changes in the volume of blood flowing a human tissue to depict for changes in heart beat. secondly, the measured heart rate is shown on the serial monitor of the Arduino software IDE as well as shown on the LCD interfaced with the board and compares the results with the set value or threshold value programmed in the arduino. After setting up the heart beat sensor, Temperature and humidity sensors are interfaced with the arduino which continously measure the sorrounding temperature and the humidity levels and compare them with the threshold values programmed in the arduino.  

After completing the detection portion of the project, the next step involves providing emergency response in case of any distress or abnormality in the parameters discussed above. In order to do that we make us of a GSM and GPS module which are interfaced with the arduino along with a local buzzer. As soon as the value of the heart rate or sorrounding temperature or sorrounding humidity exceeds or falls below the set parameters or threshold values the local buzzer is triggered, Following that the GSM and GPS modules are also activated which provide the emergency response by automatically sending text messages to the numbers progammed and stored in memory of arduino along with the GPS location of the patient by sending the latitude and longitude coordinates of that location. 

Benefits of the Project

Cardiovascular disease is accounted for one of the biggest reasons of deaths caused all around the World. Heart is the central organ of human body responsible for the pumping of oxygen rich Blood all around the body. Normal functioning of heart is important for an individual to live a healthy and normal life. On the other hand cardiovascular disease in both genders is a main Source of attention towards this growing reason of fatality where the occurrence of any Abnormality/ heart attack is not known to us. Therefore, the necessity of a system capable of Pre detecting any abnormality is inevitable.  

Normal functioning of heart is of great concern to both the doctor as well as the patient, ensuing that the necessity of pre detection of heart attack in patients is of immense importance. Still now there is no proper system for the intimation of heart attack. Only after the occurrence of heart Attack the patient can be monitored. Only the pre possible solution to this problem is by analyzing the number of beats per minute (BPM). The heart rate is synchronized with the pulses, therefor

The measurement of heart rate is essential to assure cardiovascular fitness. In addition to the Measurement of heat beat the intimation of any abnormality through wireless communication to the doctor and patient’s caretakers is of equal significance. Hence the need for a cost effective And user friendly system capable of pre detecting the heart attack and alarming patient’s condition For emergency response serves as a milestone in saving many lives.  

The system provides the measurement of heart beat level accurately and intimates for emergency Response wirelessly. It will help to understand the working of heart attack detector through Photophlythesmography technology and calling for emergency response wirelessly. The results will also contribute to future work related to pre detection and intimation of heart attack. 

The project has a vast scope in biomedical industry, by applying the rules of engineering and Technology it turns out to be a life saver for patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases. The project incorporates bio sensors, Arduino Uno, Proteus, GSM module, GPS module, EXCEL, TELEMETRY and some other equipment.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The system "Pre Heart Attack Detection and Smart Emergency Medical Attention System" is capable of not only to detect the heart rate of the patient primarily but is also capable of providing emergency response in case of any abnormality. The system does the job first of all by using a heart beat sensor which works on the principle of Photo phlethesmography (PPG). PPG is a low cost, noninvasive and simple optical technique which is used to detect for blood Volume changes in the micro vascular bed of tissue of any organ near to the skin surface. It is then used to take Measurements at skin surface. By making use of a pulse oximeter the surface Of Skin is illuminated on one side and by changes in blood volume, heart rate is measured by the Light Absorption which produces a PPG. The light Absorbed by the photodiode is converted into Electrical pulses and is transferred to the Microcontroller for further Processing. Conventional Methods of measuring the heart beat level is the Electrocardiogram which uses lead electrodes To measure the heart Rate At specific points of human body by analyzing the ECG waveform Over five data points. Though this method gives the heart beat level but is depreciative due to its High cost and Immobility. Moreover, being unfriendly to the user the system also requires Continuous Supervision of a health professional. Whereas on the other hand the PPG technology enables the patient with the benefit of self-monitoring without the inspection of a doctor. Hence it stands out to be a more robust, user friendly, accurate and cost effective technology. 

In order to measure the sorrounding temperature and humidity the system incorporates DHT family sensors. These sensors mainly have a humidity sensing component, a thermistor and an IC on the back side of the sensor. To measure humidity, there are two electrodes with moisture holding substrate between them, hence as humidity changes the conductivity between electrodes changes. On the other hand the thermistor changes resistance with change in temperature. 

The next part involves the provision of emergency response using GSM and GPS. The GSM makes use of radio waves operating at 850, 900, 1800 or 1900 MHz to transmit the information. It mainly uses the technique of time divison multiple access (TDMA). The GPS incorporated with the system provides location of the patient as soon as any abnormality is detected by the arduino. It does it by using the technique of trilateration. 

The entire system is controlled by arduino which contains the programme of the system. All components are interfaced with Arduino and the entire working starting from taking signals from human body using Bio Sensors, displaying them of LCD as well as compare with the threshold values, sense for any abnormality and ending triggering local buzzer and GSM and GPS for emergency response.

Final Deliverable of the Project

HW/SW integrated system

Type of Industry

Medical

Technologies

Wearables and Implantables

Sustainable Development Goals

Good Health and Well-Being for People

Required Resources

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