Power transmission and distribution monitoring using iot for smart grid
The transmission and distribution system mostly fails to provide real-time data monitoring to the service provider, operator and end user. Security and reliability of power transmission have significant effects on the stability of the whole grid. There are many factors that can threa
2025-06-28 16:28:50 - Adil Khan
Power transmission and distribution monitoring using iot for smart grid
Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject SummaryThe transmission and distribution system mostly fails to provide real-time data monitoring to
the service provider, operator and end user.
Security and reliability of power transmission have significant effects on the stability
of the whole grid.
There are many factors that can threaten the security of the transmission grid
infrastructure such as extreme weather conditions, the surrounding environment,
artificial destruction, and overheating.
Nowadays, the transmission line becomes longer and more dispersed; some
segments may travel through areas with complicated terrain conditions. As a result,
transmission line maintenance becomes increasingly difficult, and most
transmission line monitoring and supervision are carried out by humans, mobile
robotic, or helicopters. All these methods have a high cost and high labor intensity.
Additionally, transmission line conditions cannot be monitored continually, and all of
the transmission lines cannot be covered at one time.
To provide IOT base solution to smart grid for monitoring the power of transmission and distribution line.[3]
To gather the data from point to point using IoT.
The major objectives are to provide a technical solution, achieve a high level of precision, enhance system quality and reliability.
During light loads one station or some generators can be shut off, thus affecting operational economy.
All disadvantages that we can face through manually monitoring are overcome by the proposed system.
Project Implementation MethodIn designing the transmission and distribution based IoT one can consider using Wireless Sensor
Network (WSN) and General Packet Radio Services (GPRS). A WSN is a wireless network formed
by large numbers of sensor nodes where each node equipped with sensors to monitor physical
conditions. GPRS is a GSM-based wireless communication packet network that provides wide-
range IP protocol connection from point to point node. The GPRS technology can improve
network performance for real-time data as well as it is more efficient and robust [4].GPRS is a
high-speed data processing, for which allows multiple packet data transmission, extensive signal
coverage, fast installation feature and low maintenance cost [3]. GPRS technology seems out of
date if compared to the 3G/4G technologies. However it’s still reliable and good alternative for
data processing and communication. Moreover, several transmission and distribution networks
in pakistan are located in a remote area where the 3G/4G network is not available.
Figure 2 illustrates the typical system architecture of IoT for the power transmission and
distribution monitoring system. On the left side, one can deploy sensors node where
physical events are measured. By using single-hop or multi-hop, the data measured by
individual sensors are collected and aggregated which subsequently is transmitted
through GPRS network to the database or server for further analysis, making decisions
and taking appropriate actions. The server part of cloud management layer in which all
the data is stored and it is a place for data retrieval.
This will enhance the electricity delivery services becoming more responsive and communicative.
To achieve high level of precision and enhance system quality by doing real-time monitoring.
This will reduce human efforts.
Will provide Efficient and reliable transmission and distribution.
This will also provide a technical solution for the specific problem.
Technical Details of Final Deliverable In the transmission system based on IoT.
It consists of four parts, namely wireless sensor network, data transmitter, the server
(cloud management) and workstation. The WSN is capable of sensing the physical world
in the transmission line and towers such as temperature, humidity, conductor
temperature, tension sensor, wind velocity and leakage current etc. Sensors collect
sensing data and deliver them through data transmitter IEEE 802.15.4 / Zigbee module
between node to node or node to node server. Then the merged data is transmitted to
GPRS to achieve long-distance and high-speed information transmission between WSN
and server. Through GPRS communication module the server collects, processes,
analyzes and stores all sensing data. The cloud management is connected to the
internet and has a specified IP address to receive and forward information data to the
workstation. The workstation is a real-time monitoring center that monitors
transmission parameter obtained from the WSN. It is connected with the internet
enables access from a remote area by the operating personnel.
The smart sensor can be considered as one of the most important devices of IoT for the
smart grid. Smart sensor is a device that informs the control system about certain
parameters and what is actually occurring in the physical object that is monitored.
Smart Sensor provides raw data for information processing, analyzing and feedback.
Currently, several numbers of advanced sensors technology have been applied in
various fields. The major objectives are to provide a technical solution, achieve a high
level of precision, enhance system quality and reliability .
To transmit data from the sensors, the system uses a combination of GPRS technology
and Zigbee module. In this framework, one can adopt a two-layer wireless network to
give more freedom and flexibility. The first level uses IEEE 802.15.4 or Zigbee wireless
which is low cost, low energy consumption and has a communication range between
100 up to 1000 meters in each node
In the distribution system based
IoT. The WSN device, network model, communication topology and data processing are similar
to the transmission system. However, monitoring status of sub-station is of the main concern in
the distribution system. Therefore, sub-station should be well equipped with a smart sensor and
smart meter, through which important parameter such as current and voltage profile,
transformer temperature, oil level, load profile, fault and outage can be monitored. Monitoring
on transmission and distribution system based IoT is a powerful tool to increase system
reliability, realizes early warning and real-time monitoring through the cloud information
management. The status of power transmission and distribution system can be displayed
visually on PC, laptop and smartphone.
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 73187 | |||
| flame sensors | Equipment | 3 | 120 | 360 |
| temperature sensor | Equipment | 3 | 290 | 870 |
| anemometer | Equipment | 3 | 8389 | 25167 |
| tension sensor | Equipment | 3 | 5170 | 15510 |
| xbee module | Equipment | 3 | 6600 | 19800 |
| gsm module | Equipment | 1 | 5500 | 5500 |
| mcu | Equipment | 1 | 760 | 760 |
| proposal + weekly base reports | Miscellaneous | 36 | 20 | 720 |
| thesis | Miscellaneous | 3 | 1500 | 4500 |