Neural Spikerbox For Low Temperature Areas

Project Title

Neural Spikerbox For Low Temperature Areas

Project Area of Specialization Biomedical EngineeringProject Summary

•  PROJECT SUMMARY
• Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system and brain's structure and function. Brain is a single organ that is made up of millions of neurons and neural networks, that controls all other systems of human body including both mental and physical actions. In the current era of neuroscience, engineering, and evolution, the acquisition, and recording of electrophysiological data using portable devices is a vital theme. Understanding the neuroscience of humans is important because the more knowledge we can gain about the inner functioning of the brain and connected nervous system the faster we can develop techniques and treatments for various diseases and injuries that may be impacting peoples live. Although people are interested in knowing how the nervous system and brain works, neuroscience education and experimentation is hampered by the high cost of equipment, complexity, less portability, and the level of knowledge required to successfully conduct the experiment may be too high. Apart from that in low temperature regions of the world the activity of nervous systems decreases or completely vanishes,making it uncomfortable for the people. Sometimes it is difficult to identify in cold temperature, whether the part of body is active or non-active. Spikerbox is box that will pick up action potentials from the body and display it on the spike recording app in Realtime. If the action potentials are too low to be visualized, a high-quality speaker will give neural activity in the form of sounds. To perform experiments and analyse action potentials and EMG signals using the spikerbox, cockroach will be used as the specimen.

Following are some of the features of cockroach that makes it unique and feasible for the performance of the neuroscience experiments.

? The presence of less Complex and Small nervous system. ? Cockroaches are intolerant to ultrasonic frequency.

? They are affected by music and longitudinal waves.

? Fast

UNIQUENESS OF THE PROJECT

The first and foremost aspect that differentiate our spikerbox from others is that it is more sensitive. It has the ability to detect even the microlevel intensity of neural signals and amplify them efficiently. This not only increases the efficiency of spikerbox but also opens the gate to diagnose and treat the nervous system disorders and injuries which are vaguely detected using traditional nervous systems equipment. The design and portability of spikerbox makes it accessible to college and university students for neuroscience education. This enhances the hands-on experience of neuroscience.

Project Objectives

• OBJECTIVE

1. To design a device that will detect, amplify, hear, and visualize neural action potentials of the body.

2. To analyse neural activity changes by experimenting cockroach in in low temperature environment, dugs or micostimulation.

3. To increase the efficiency and sensitivity of spikerbox to be able to pick up neural signals of microvolt intensity from the body and to visualize and hear them in real time.

Project Implementation Method

•  Project Implementation Method:

Spiker box will take the signal from cockroach legs and amplify this signal by 886 times the original signal. Neurons communicate through spikes and these spikes have low electric potential, to study the neural activity we need amplifier for these low electric potential spikes

. For this we design the neural spiker box. Neural spiker box is working in four phases

• Power circuit       • Neural Amplifier

• Audio Amplification

• Power circuit:

Operational amplifier are used to amplify the difference between the input pins for this operationa amplifier require dual supply of voltage (V+ and V-) which give the inputs and outputs to be referenced to groond(0 V). We designed our circuit to use a single bettery of 9 volts and therefore we split the voltage of 9 volts into ±4.5 voltage by voltage devider circuit. We used TLC227.

• Neural Amplification:

Two pins from femur of cockroach eneterd the circuit through crocodile cable. Femur of cockroach leg contain micro intensity signal to ampify this signal we used AD620 instrumentation amplifier. It is high accuracy instrumental ampifier that require only external resister to get the gain of upto 1000. In our circuit we designed the gain of AD620 4x by using the external resistance of 33k Gain = 1 + (100k?/R)

• Filter:

This section filters out the frequencies that we are not interested in. The neural spike signals have frequencies of 500Hz and 1000Hz waveform so we designed the circuit to filter the frequency of this range

. • High Pass filter:

Our high pass cut of frequency is 338Hz, we designed the circuit by series combination of a capacitor and resistor as high pass filter. Cut of frequency of high pass filter is calculated by given formula. f=1/(2?RC) In high pass filter we use the capacitor of 0.47µF and resistor of 1K? in series combination.

• Low Pass Filter:

Our low pass cut of frequency is 1291Hz, we designed the circuit by parallel combination of a capacitor and resistor as low pass filter. Cut of frequency of low pass filter is calculated by given formula. f=1/(2?RC) In low pass filter we use the capacitor of 560????F and resistor of 220K? in parallel combination.

• Filter amplification:

The filtered signal is further amplified by TLC2272 operational amplifier. This amplifier amplifies the signal by 220 times and total amplification of this circuit is 886 to the original signal.

• Audio Amplification:

Audio amplification is used to listen the neural activity. For this LM386 audio amplifier is used and built-in speaker to listen the neural activity. LM386 is configured the signal an additional 20x using standard LM386.

• Visual Display:

To visualise the neural activity of cockroach’s leg is display on built-in mobile application available in both android and IOS devices or on laptop. This software show peaks of neural spike and can generate the fft(fast fourier transform) of given signal.

Benefits of the Project

BENEFITS OF THIS PROJECT

Real time action potential display

1. The plus point of this device is that it can display the real-time action potential of nerve impulses due to which real-time monitoring of neural physiology can be attained.

Usage in education sector

1. This spiker box can be used in the educational sector in order to develop the true concept of neural action potential and the travelling of nerve impulses across the body. Students can perform different experiments on neural physiology through this device and they can real-time view the result of their relevant interpretation of nerve impulses, as any change like temperature, mechanical pressure, drugs etc. all these factors affect the travelling of nerves. The cockroach has been ideally proposed for the experimentation on this device because it has the ability to regenerate its body parts by itself.

Implementation in low temperature areas

1. We have implemented this spiker box with the technique to make it more sensitive in acquiring a neural signal from different parts of the body, as its sensitivity has been increased up to micro-level which means it can acquire the lower intensity signal (of micro-level intensity) easily. This development made this spiker box to be used in low-temperature areas, as the neural conduction decreases with the decrease in temperature.

An Advantage in COVID-19 Pandemic

1. It is a portable device which is can be made accessible easily anywhere even it can be used at home during pandemic conditions such as COVID 19. Students can perform experiments at their homes too by just getting the initial usage guidance.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

•  Technical details:

Components Required:

1. 0.047 uF capacitor

2. 0.1 uF capacitor

3. 0.47 uF capacitor

4. 1 k? resistor

5. 10 k? resistors

6. 10 uF (blue cap) capacitor

7. 10 ? resistor

8. 220 k? resistor

9. 220 uF capacitor (the big one)

10.33 k? resistor

11.330 ? resistor

12.560 pF capacitor

13. 9V battery connectors.

14. AD620

15. Audio Line Out.

16. battery.

17. LED (bulb pointing out).

18. LM386

19. Power Switch.

20. RCA plug

21.Speaker Connector.

22. TLC2272

23.Emg electrodes

24.Soldering iron

25.Soldering wire

26.Glue gun

27.Breadboard

28.Vero board

29.Pcb layout

30.Jumper wires

31.Stainless steel electrodes

COMPONENTS SPECIFICATIONS:

TLC2272:

Working:

TLC2272 is a quad operational amplifier that is used as a high-fidelity tone control in a circuit.

Specifications:

Low Noise...9 nanovolts per Hz At f = 1 kHz, type 1 pA Low Input Bias Current TypD Fully Specified for Single-Supply as well as Split-Supply OperationD Common-Mode Range of Input Voltage Negative RailD is included. 2.2 MHz Type High-Gain Bandwidth

Reason for selection:

It  deliver equivalent ac performance while reducing noise, input offset voltage, and power dissipation.

AD620:

Working:

AD620 is used as a low-power, high-precision instrumentation amplifier. And it can also set the amplification factor from 1 to 10000 with only an external resistor.

Specifications:

• 1.3mA Maximum Working Current
• 5?V Input Offset Voltage
• 1?V/? Input Offset Drift Maximum
• 93dB Common Mode Rejection Ratio
• Adjustable Gain Range
• Easy to Adjust and Low Noise.

Reason for selection:

For the purpose of micro-intensity signal input, we use it because the core of AD620 is a three-stage op-amp circuit, which shows a high common-mode rejection ratio, wide amplification band, better temperature stability, and low noise. And it has the characteristics of high accuracy, portable usage, and low noise.

LM386:

Working:

The Audio Amplifier that uses the LM386 is a low power circuit that delivers a maximum power of 1 Watt (1W) and has a wide range of applications like portable speakers, laptop speakers, etc.

Specifications:

• Battery Operation.
• Minimum External Parts.
• Wide Supply Voltage Range: 4 V–12 V or. 5 V–18 V.
• Voltage Gains from 20 to 200.
• Ground-Referenced Input.
• Self-Centering Output Quiescent Voltage.
• Low Distortion: 0.2% (AV = 20, VS = 6 V, RL = 8 ?, PO = 125 mW, f = 1 kHz)

Reason for selection:

Basic design, Cost-effective, low distortion, and easy usage.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry HealthOther Industries Education , Medical Core Technology NeuroTechOther Technologies OthersSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Quality Education, Decent Work and Economic GrowthRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	38110
TLC2272	Equipment	10	350	3500
AD620	Equipment	5	500	2500
AD623	Equipment	2	500	1000
LM386	Equipment	6	150	900
battery	Equipment	10	150	1500
RCA Plug	Equipment	2	50	100
Speaker Connecter	Equipment	1	50	50
Speaker	Equipment	5	0	0
Capacitor	Equipment	35	20	700
Resistors	Equipment	50	10	500
battery connecters	Equipment	4	20	80
Audio line out	Equipment	50	1	50
LED	Equipment	10	5	50
Power Switch	Equipment	2	50	100
EMG Electrodes	Equipment	20	150	3000
Soldering Iron	Equipment	1	600	600
Glue Gun	Equipment	1	700	700
veroboad	Equipment	3	1000	3000
beadboard	Equipment	2	200	400
PCB	Equipment	0	8000	0
Stainless steel electrodes	Equipment	4	20	80
soldering wire	Equipment	1	200	200
BOX	Miscellaneous	2	600	1200
Crocodile pins	Equipment	4	100	400
FYP Poster	Miscellaneous	2	1000	2000
Car Rent	Miscellaneous	10	500	5000
handset	Equipment	2	1000	2000
Double headset connector	Equipment	2	1500	3000
jumper wires	Equipment	1	1500	1500
Multimeter	Equipment	1	500	500
TL074	Equipment	4	500	2000
cockoaches	Equipment	20	20	400
buzzers	Equipment	5	10	50
Cable ports	Equipment	3	150	450
Reports	Miscellaneous	3	200	600