Myo Prosthetic Arm

Project Title

Myo Prosthetic Arm

Project Area of Specialization RoboticsProject Summary

A Myo Prosthetic Arm is based on the Muscles and commanded by EMG sensor that help us to acquire muscles signals. Arm amputees are people who have lost their upper limb due to accident, trauma or any disease affecting the limbs. Such people cannot perform functions which require using the hand, not even routine activities in day-to-day life such as holding the objects, moving them, eating and all the like functions. Broadly speaking, these people are not self-sufficient, but they do have an opening to look forward to. 

The muscles in the remaining part of the arm function in a normal way, enabling the electromyogram (EMG) signals from them to be used in limb replacement techniques. One such solution would be a Myoelectric Prosthetic Arm, which uses the EMG signals from the patient and controls movement of the prosthetic arm. The advantage of this technique is that the signal will be acquired from the patient's body and after suitable processing it is used as a control input to drive motors which are coupled to the prosthetic arm. So, the arm can be worn by amputees and the control mechanism will be initiated by their own EMG signals

Project Objectives

This project presents the design of a low cost and portable Electromyographic circuitry for Electromyography. It discusses the best possible approach for reducing noise in the Electromyographic signal and thereby increasing the signal to noise ratio and processing the signal into the form best suited for motor control through microcontroller. It explains the possible approaches that can be used to acquire and process the signal. It further discusses the use of various types of Electromyographic electrodes. A unique mechanical design has also been proposed that provides an adaptive grip. Following are the main objectives of this project:

• This project seeks to design, develop and manufacture a Myo-Prosthetic transradial limb that is low cost, functional and aesthetically pleasing.
• The goal of this project is to develop a hand that enables the user to pick up and manipulate small objects.
• It aims to minimize the cost and weight of the product for those who may be unable to afford expensive, state of the art prosthesis.

Project Implementation Method

1. Signal Acquisition from muscle
2. Differentition of EMG Signal
3. MATLAB simulation
4. Movment Selection
5. ARDUNIO Coding
6. Hardware Implementation

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Benefits of the Project

The loss of a limb can be a life-changing event that can cause grief and decreased self-esteem. The ability to restore functionality and cosmetic results to a limb deficient person can be a challenging yet rewarding pursuit. People are either born without a limb or might suffer accident; such people face difficulties in life, as restricted functionality limits their working capabilities. The main problem is to minimize their disability. It will also play a vital role in the warfare environment as it will help limb deficient soldier to make it back to the field.We can implemented this system with further more advancement and extra features which includes holding releasing and pinching.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

1. As per the name of our project “MYO-PROSTHETIC ARM”. The word “Myo” is derived from Greek word mys ‘muscle’.  A biochemical process generates electrical tension in the microvolt range every time a muscle contracts. This tension can be measured on the skin. This also applies to the muscles remaining after an amputation.
2. With myo-electric arm prostheses, muscle tensions from the residual limb are usually read by two electrodes. We have selected two muscles on which these two electrodes are placed that are Flexor Carpii Muscle and an Extensor Carpii muscle. While the third electrode is placed on bone for giving ground. It gives low myo-electrical impulses that lie in the microvolt range are then amplified and filtered forwarded to electronics of the prosthesis in the form of control signals. 
3. Our project basically works on these impulses coming from the muscles. Due to contraction a tension is produced in muscle which gives impulses. On the single impulse this hand pinches the certain object while on another single impulse it will release that object. When two impulses are generated or tension is more, then this hand will grip an object while if single impulse is generated it will release that object.
4. Our arm performs three function pinch, grip and release

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemType of Industry Medical , Health Technologies 3D/4D Printing, RoboticsSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for PeopleRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	36040
Surface Electrodes	Miscellaneous	400	2	800
EMG Sensor	Equipment	2	3500	7000
Ardunio Uno	Equipment	2	750	1500
Ardunio Nano	Equipment	1	700	700
Bucker Module	Equipment	2	170	340
9 Volts Battery	Miscellaneous	4	50	200
12 Volts rechargeable battery	Miscellaneous	1	2500	2500
Servo Motors	Equipment	5	600	3000
3D Printed Hand	Equipment	1	20000	20000