Monitoring and controlling of a 3-phase single bus bar system using PLC and HMI
Electrical systems are a wonderful achievement by Engineers of the 20th century. Our civilization today could never exist without these systems. Generation, transmission and distribution overall systems are main gears of electrical system. Smaller size power systems which called grids are interlocke
2025-06-28 16:34:10 - Adil Khan
Monitoring and controlling of a 3-phase single bus bar system using PLC and HMI
Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject SummaryElectrical systems are a wonderful achievement by Engineers of the 20th century. Our civilization today could never exist without these systems. Generation, transmission and distribution overall systems are main gears of electrical system. Smaller size power systems which called grids are interlocked with a huge system that can control and supervise these systems called national grid. Such systems should be able to maneuver in such a way that losses and cost of the system should be minimum. Non-protected power systems are the main cause of failure in electrical system and its attached equipment. These failures must be attenuated to an acceptable level through an efficient process in order to prevent failures in electrical systems. Previous studies have shown that a protection system can make a significant contribution to the controlling of the electrical system. Previous studies on analyzing of these systems for various applications such as bus bars, breakers, isolators and loads.
Monitoring and controlling of a three phase single bus bar system using PLC and HMI is an intelligent system which aims to manage all the electrical systems using automation technology. Substation has a serious role in power system because it is a minor station of a transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or vice versa with power transformers. All devices are controlled, protected and monitored by automation system that collects information from the control equipment and performs actions depending upon its needs. This project explain the Interlocking of isolator, circuit breaker and earth switch for the protection purpose. Thus, to overcome the drawbacks of the previous system as manual switching of the protective devices, we are using PLC and HMI system.
There is an increasing demand in substations for smart electric control system, where devices can be controlled through PLC and the HMI (Human Machine Interface) both. It is designed using the complete automation technology which includes PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and HMI interface, input and output power wiring as well as control wiring.
Project ObjectivesObjectives/Deliverables
After learning how a PLC works this logic & how the PLC along with the Control Panel makes up an Automation solution. That will give you an entry into the field of Industrial Automation. The job profiles could be in Maintenance, Service or Solution Design. The scope is very vast. Automated factories and processes are too expensive to be rebuilt for every modification and design change – so they have to be highly configurable and flexible. To successfully reconfigure an entire production line or process requires direct access to most of its control elements – protection devices and drives – down to a fine level of detail.
Main features of the project:
- Sequence control interlocking of isolator, circuit breaker and earth switch
- Monitoring of electrical parameter
- Control switching with PLC
- Protection of P.S.
- Human Safety
- Interlocking without hazard
Methodology used for monitoring & controlling of bus bar in this project is as under:
This project is about the controlling and monitoring of the bus bar system form any hazard. This project is controlling and monitoring of interlocking isolator, circuit breaker and earth switch with logic controller manually and automatically. Manually, this project is to switch the interlocking of isolator and circuit breaker by using both devices ON/OFF switch on HMI. Automatically, intelligent system works according to the programming logic control (PLC) by switching isolator and circuit breaker by one pulse operation rather than to switch both devices sequence wise manually. All the electrical parameters also monitored by the Current Transformer and Potential Transformer installed on the bus bar. All the operation will be controlled and monitor by PLC and HMI. With the help of feedback control system alarms and indications will be generated for protection. System will trip that bus bar if any issue occur to the regarding bus bar and inform the system about that.
The benefits of this system implementation can be classified in three major areas are as follows:
Operational & Maintenance benefits
- Reduced man hour and man power
- Accurate and useful planning and operational data information
- Better fault detection
- Better management of system
Financial benefits
- Increased revenue due to quick restoration
- Improved utilization of system capacity
- Customer retention for improved quality of supply
Customer related benefits
- Better service reliability
- Reduce interruption cost for Industrial/Commercial customers
- Better quality of supply
An important reason of automation control is for the systems to have built-in safety protocols, to protect people from accidents caused by electrical (and other) equipment, and to protect the circuit breaker, isolator and earth switch due to power failures etc.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableThis project is completed of hardware system. PLC(Programmable Logic Controller) is the brain and HMI(Human Machine Interface) works as the user interface for this system. Project works as a controlling and monitoring of the Busbars in substation. If fault occurs in the system, PLC recognize it as a different signal. PLC generates a signal according to its set limit and it can be visualized on the HMI screen. Breaker, insulator and Earth switch can be switched according to their setting declared in PLC programming. All the Electrical values (such as Voltages, Currents, Power Factors etc.) can be visualized on the HMI screen and Power Meter.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemType of Industry Energy , Others , Security Technologies Internet of Things (IoT), OthersSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and CommunitiesRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 72330 | |||
| PLC | Equipment | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |
| HMI | Equipment | 1 | 15000 | 15000 |
| Power meter | Equipment | 1 | 30000 | 30000 |
| Frame | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Panel box | Equipment | 1 | 5000 | 5000 |
| Bus bars | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Relays and timer | Equipment | 10 | 100 | 1000 |
| Cables | Equipment | 10 | 83 | 830 |
| C.T. | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| Magnetic contactor | Equipment | 5 | 500 | 2500 |
| Indication Lights | Equipment | 5 | 100 | 500 |
| report | Miscellaneous | 15 | 200 | 3000 |