MODELING, DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION OF CNC MACHINE USING STEPPER MOTOR

Project Title

MODELING, DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION OF CNC MACHINE USING STEPPER MOTOR

Project Area of Specialization 3D/4D PrintingProject Summary

Computer numerical control machine with its different applications have some particular arrangement of directions and applications that can be utilized to peruse, compose and adjust the projects as indicated by need and prerequisite of the errand to be performed. Three stepper Motors performing 3-dimensional motion enable the machine to perform facilitated undertakings. Ease assembling of CNC machine requires exact estimation of the instruments and segments utilized and the projects that are related with it to run the machine and play out the errand appropriately. The three Motors associated so that their movement are synchronized in like manner to give the organized development of hardware toward the article to be created. The program containing all the determination is gone through the product on Arduino which permits CNC shield and engine drivers to transport the signal to the stepper Motors and play out the assignment allocated.

Project Objectives

The Objectives of this project are mentioned below 

1) To design a low cost Computer Numerical Control Machine capable of bearing the weight of the load and able to engrave according to the design provided to it by the user.

2) To Construct a machine and use a material which allows the synchronization of components motion while maintaining their specific angles

3) Interfacing Stepper Motors with Arduino through Motor Drivers and CNC Shield and Controlling the speed of the motor by programing the microcontroller accordingly 

4) To understand and practice the software which converts a design into Grbl File assigning it G-codes accordingly.

Project Implementation Method

The final design that met our requirement is shown in figure below

 

This design includes 3 stepper motors each responsible for movement in X, Y and Z axis accordingly. Three kinds of rods are used according to their specific functions. Solid metal rod with lengths of 24 inches and 18 inches are used to construct the base of the machine and to provide firm support to it. Three solid steel frictionless rods, 18 inches in length each, are used in order to slide the sliders on them efficiently. Two stainless steel threaded rods, 18 inches in length each, are used along with ball bearing bush attached at one end of each rod to provide free rotation. Threaded rods are connected to the bit of the stepper motor which transfer its rotational motion to them in turn moving the sliders attached to it. These sliders are connected with the sliders of the frictional solid steel rods. To provide synchronous motion to each slider, they are connected to each other with a metal plate. The motors are installed on the metallic plate with a hole to pass its rotating spindle which is attached to a metallic bit to hold the threaded rod inside. The work space is above the first thread rod installed at the lower level, where the marble piece is to be placed. Two stepper motors are installed on the upper level which are responsible for X-axis and Z-axis movement. The Z-axis motor is attached with a drill machine, which is responsible for movement of drill machine in Z-axis.

In software part we used various software with respect to our needs. First we used Solid Works to design the structure for our machine. We created three design. The first two design were not reliable and had some limitations due to which we had to make a new design which was our final design. As we are using arduino to control the stepper motors so we use Arduino software to burn the code into arduino. 

 

As CNC machine operates on g-code so we had to create G-code and transfer that code into arduino. We used Inkscape to create G-code. Inkscape allows us to convert any image or text into g-code. The g-code was then uploaded to the arduino.

The G-code was uploaded to arduino using another software known as Grbl Controller. It’s a very useful software with multiple function. We can upload G-code using this software and we can also manually control the machine using this software.

Benefits of the Project

Our style promotes energy saving with usage of DC voltage. It also needs less over-all usage for the parts similarly. Usage of tiny stepper and spindle motors in machine leads to less sound and so reduces noise pollution. CNC Machine is moveable because it doesn't need a lot of physical area and it may be used anyplace while not damaging the surroundings.

This machine provide efficiency, accuracy, durability, Effectiveness and Economy which are the core attributes of any equipment in the industry. this machine provides reliability to the user by doing his work for him. 

As cutting of marble causes pollution and health hazard which are increasing with every passing day, workers who use hammer night and day and have to breath in poisonous dust will be at ease with the arrival of this machine. A fully automatic machine which takes in commands from the computer through the software and operates according to designs provided.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) is used to perform a wide range of manufacturing tasks that are carried out by computerized devices. It can utilizes a cylindrical cutting tool that can rotate in various directions. It also has the capability to create a wide array of shapes, slots, holes, and other necessary impressions. It can used for all purposes i-e cutting, drawing, writing and engraving. It can operate automatically as we give any command through design and then it can convert into G-code and then operate automatically. It can operate manually as well.

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemType of Industry Manufacturing Technologies 3D/4D PrintingSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	70345
8MM T8 STAINLESS STEEL LEAD SCREW THREADED ROD T8 TRAPEZOIDAL 500MM	Equipment	2	1450	2900
D19*L25 4 X 6 SHAFT COUPLING ALUMINIUM FLEXIBLE JAW 8MM CNC STEPPER MO	Equipment	3	350	1050
LM8UU 8MM 8X15X24MM BALL BEARING BUSH BUSHING 8MMX15MMX24MM	Equipment	7	180	1260
NEMA17 6 WIRE BIPOLAR STEPPER MOTOR	Equipment	2	275	550
NEMA17 4 WIRE BIPOLAR STEPPER MOTOR	Equipment	1	375	375
Nisca DC Motor	Equipment	1	1200	1200
A4988 STEPPER MOTOR DRIVER	Equipment	2	120	240
Motor shaft coupling (engineered)	Equipment	3	1500	4500
ARDUINO CNC SHIELD V3 ENGRAVING MACHINE 3D PRINTER A4988 DRV8825 DRIVE	Equipment	1	290	290
Arduino UNO	Equipment	1	600	600
SCS8UU 8MM LINEAR MOTION BALL BEARING MACHINERY SLIDE BUSHING	Equipment	10	350	3500
OPTICAL AXIS 500 MM SMOOTH RODS 8MM	Equipment	4	1000	4000
Drill Chuks	Equipment	1	280	280
Cutting, Threading of Solid Metal rodsRod	Equipment	6	1500	9000
Solid Metal Cubes with threaded holes on 4 out of 6 facesut	Equipment	8	1200	9600
Aluminium Plate 40'' x 10''	Equipment	1	1000	1000
Assembly and Alignment	Equipment	1	20000	20000
Workshop charges	Miscellaneous	1	10000	10000