Micro controller Based Smart Load Management System for BUET Khuzdar Hostels
To solve energy crises, the approach is to control or restrict the use of electrical energy in peak hours. The project's motive is to find a unique approach to manage energy crises using a proper load management device based on a microcontroller. Energy crises can be handled by dividing the househol
2025-06-28 16:34:06 - Adil Khan
Micro controller Based Smart Load Management System for BUET Khuzdar Hostels
Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary Project SummaryTo solve energy crises, the approach is to control or restrict the use of electrical energy in peak hours. The project's motive is to find a unique approach to manage energy crises using a proper load management device based on a microcontroller. Energy crises can be handled by dividing the household loads into two parts essential and non-essential loads. By turning off non-essential load, while essential loads remain on, we will be able to reduce energy crises and also provide a way of sustained energy to essential load that is the backbone of everyday life for an ordinary person.
Project Objectives Project Objectives
• To design and construct a system using home automation techniques and microcontroller.
• We must implement a system that is cost effective and power efficient.
• This system is aimed at reducing power wastage during peak hours.
Scope of the Study
To acquire our objectives following steps are required to implement both software and hardware implementations:
• Choosing suitable microcontrollers for home automation that will provide a link between the incoming power and managing the power as per requirement to reduce wastage of power.
• A suitable software to implement programming codes in the microcontroller.
Significance of the Study
Our study will be fruitful for the client and the manufacturer because it will be cost effective and easy to install, most importantly for the consumer, as it is helpful to eradicate load shedding and provide a self-sufficient home automation. Project Implementation Method Project Implementation Method
Collecting the model circuit components now it is time to describe how the model is implemented. The system’s main intelligent component is Atemega328 microcontroller, which is integrated on a PCB
Arduino Uno R3The Arduino Uno R3 is based on the ATmega328 microcontroller. It has got the features:
1. 16 MHz ceramic resonator
2. 6 analog inputs.
3. 14 digital output/input pins
4. 6 of 14 digital output/input pins may be used as PWM outputs).
5. A power jack,
6. A port for USB connection.
7. An ICSP header,
8. And a reset button.
Arduino Uno is a very simple board. It can be understood easily. It can be powered through USB connection to the computer or through a battery.
Arduino is open source. The Arduino board can be copied by any other manufactures. It can be used with multiple sensors to build innovative electronics or electrical projects. Arduino Uno can be programmed using an open source IDE provided by the board manufacturer. It is free of cost and can be downloaded from online website provided in the reference section of thesis. The programming of Arduino is very simple. It uses AVR C programming language for the programming. The software is provided for multiple operating systems unlike other microcontrollers that can be programmed only using Windows OS.
Energy crises is the key hurdle in humankind survival and advance. This is the hot area of discussion coining the question where we are leading as energy consumption increases? What will happen when we are out of energy on this planet? We are heading towards the future where energy crises, water crises and food crises will be the norms of everyday life. Past experiences suggest that we not only need more energy, but we also need to reduce energy wastage as much as possible. To manage energy crises, we must come up with a smart system to manage grid as well as load at the consumer end.
- Aim of the project is to proof that energy crises can be handled by dividing load in to two parts
- Essential load and
- non-essential load.
By turning off non-essential load, while essential loads remain on, will not only reduce energy crises but will also provide a way of sustained energy to essential load that is the back bone of everyday life for an ordinary person.
There are two most popular and suitable technologies for this task
1.Wireless Communication
2.Power Line Communication
• This project is going to target the electric companies, especially for the areas which are less developed or countries with less amount of resources for the production of enough electric power.
Technical Details of Final Deliverable Techhnical Details of Final DeliverableThe circuit begins with 220 V input from the power socket. This 220 V supply is further conveyed to the voltage regulator circuit and a 220/12 V center tapped transformer. The 12 V output from the transformer is sent to a bridge rectifier for rectification (full wave rectification). In the circuit, the bridge rectifier supplies voltage for the relays (i.e. R1, R2, R3), technically 12 V from the bridge rectifier is used to energize the relay coils.
On the other hand, the 220 V input is fed to the under voltage relay (UVR) and over voltage relay (OVR) and supplies the same 220 V to the power variable circuit and the same input leads to the two switches i.e. (S1 and S2) which refers to the essential and non-essential loads respectively.
On the other hand, a 12 V adapter is used to power up the (20 by 04) LCD and Arduino Uno R3.
LCD is responsible for showing the mean time voltage, the condition (i.e. Normal load or overload) and the time zones (i.e. current time, start time and end time) while Arduino (R3) is used as a brain. It sends and receives data from other parts such as relays, transistors, push buttons and LCD itself.
The module works on few different steps, provided the condition at that time.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other IndustriesCore Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and ProductionRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 21910 | |||
| Voltage Regulator Circuit | Equipment | 2 | 590 | 1180 |
| Step Down Transformer (220 V to 12 V) | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |
| Center Tapped Full Wave Rectifier With Capacitor Filter | Equipment | 2 | 200 | 400 |
| Arduino Controller and Output LCD Display | Equipment | 2 | 1000 | 2000 |
| LED’s Indication | Equipment | 4 | 350 | 1400 |
| Overload/Watt Output Load Controller PCB | Equipment | 1 | 1600 | 1600 |
| Output Load | Equipment | 5 | 200 | 1000 |
| Push Button Switches Input | Equipment | 5 | 50 | 250 |
| Voltage Sensor Input for Over/Under Voltage | Equipment | 2 | 550 | 1100 |
| Relay Module Board | Equipment | 6 | 480 | 2880 |
| print and stationary | Miscellaneous | 60 | 10 | 600 |
| Miscellaneous | Miscellaneous | 1 | 9000 | 9000 |