Meteorological Sensor

Project Title

Meteorological Sensor

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

A meteorological data-acquisition system is implemented based on a microcontroller, which scans 10 sensors together at intervals programmable from one minute to one hour. The data are stored in a removable, non-volatile random access memory (NOVRAM) cartridge each day for one month and then transferred into a more powerful computer.

The meteorological sensor is a powerful instrument for measuring weather conditions. This intelligent and sturdy device is used for ballistic correction or weather monitoring measures in a permanent way :

• the wind speed

• the wind direction

• the ambient temperature

• the atmospheric pressure

• the relative humidity

These sensors are usually physical sensors and work on a variety of different principles and methods, often measuring internal voltage changes in response to changing meteorological parameters.

It can measure in real-time the velocity of the crosswind (perpendicular to the axis of the gun), atmospheric temperature, and pressure in the position of the tank. It is mounted on the rear left of the hull outside the turret. The high-precision weather sensor answers quickly the variations of wind and measures from the slightest breath.

Following is the diagram of the Meteorological Sensor:

Project Objectives

Following are the objectives of the meteorological sensor

1. To make a real-time quality control system for meteorological data (air temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation) that can be measured by an integrated meteorological sensor.
2. To make the system cost minimum by using updated and highly efficient sensors.
3. To make the target more accurate by using the best and most efficient sensors
4. To make the seize compact by using smd form of sensors, that will take less space and give accurate data.

Project Implementation Method

Following are the method of project implementation

Components details and availability

Major Sensors

• BMP 180 (Altitude Measurement)

• MAX6675 (Thermocouple k-type)

• MPX555 (Pressure Sensor)

• Cross Wind Sensor (Measurement of wind direction)

• Analog to Digital Converter.

BMP180

• K-type thermocouple

• Crosswind Sensor

• ATMEGA32

• Voltage regulator

• 3.3 VR

• 5.0 VR

• ARDUINO NANO Microcontroller

• A/D converter POT

• USB To TTL FT232RL

• ATMEGA 32 Boot Loader Burner

• LCD (20x4)

• Capacitors

• Diodes

• Supply jacks

• Jumper Wires

• Resistors

• Potentiometer

• 9 volt Power Supply

• Vero board

• Breadboard

• PCB board

• PROTEUS Simulation Software

• Arduino Coding Software

• Arduino to ATMEGA 32 converter Driver

• Led’s

• Soldering wires

• Solder

Operation (Working Principle)

Meteorological Sensors work like analog to digital converters. Because it depends upon different sensors families that work on the A/D converter principle. Multiple sensors are embedded through different logical circuits. The major operation performed by the MET sensor is to calculate wind speed, direction, pressure, Altitude, and as well as temperature outside the field. So the question is where all these values go after getting information from the outside field. So basically MET sensor is mounted on the back body on top of the Tank. It helps the Tank barrel to be stable before the missile is fired.

Simulation Design

PROTEUS Simulation We started our testing by using PROTEUS Software. It includes different components one by one and their interfacing. This was so helpful for us to take a long time to study the behavior of components. I think it is one of the easiest platforms if you don’t have components you can simulate it by using this Software.

Hardware Design

Vero Board Design

After successful implementation of the circuit on Breadboard and PROTEUS simulations we have to move forward to put it on hardware. The reason is that we face some problems on the breadboard due to losing connections and didn’t get proper results but it was confirmed that the circuit that we design was perfect as per requirements.

PCB Assembly (Printed Circuit Board)

After successful implementation on the VERO board further, we decided to put it in PCB format. The reason is that as we are working on an Industrial project and we have to put it on Military Tank so VERO board doesn’t work in that place it required small diameter and this problem is solved by creating PCB as per requirement. PCB contains different steps and different layouts.

Benefits of the Project

The meteorological sensor is a powerful instrument for measuring weather conditions. Being able to predict and forecast the weather also allows for data to be gathered to build up a more detailed picture of a climate, and trends within it. precipitation, barometric pressure, temperature, and relative humidity detectors in one instrument.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Technical Specifications of Meteorological Sensors

BMP 180 (Altitude Sensor)

• Operating voltage of BMP180: 1.3V – 3.6V
• Input voltage of BMP180MODULE: 3.3V to 5.5V
• Peak current: 1000uA
• Consumes 0.1uA standby
• Maximum voltage at SDA , SCL : VCC + 0.3V
• Operating temperature: -40ºC to +80ºC

K-type Thermocouple (Temperature Sensor)

• Thermocouple grade wire, –454 to 2,300F (–270 to 1260C)
•  Extension wire, 32 to 392F (0 to 200C)
• Standard: +/- 2.2C or +/- .75%
• Special Limits of Error: +/- 1.1C or 0.4%

Wind Sensor Rev. P

A new design of wind direction sensor has been developed using the thermal anemometer principle with the main component of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor.

ATMEGA 32 (40 Pin Microcontroller)

ATmega32 is an eight-bit higher enactment microcontroller

Voltage Regulator

It provides a constant +5V output voltage for a variable input voltage supply.

FT232 TTL (Driver)

The FT232RL USB to TTL 3.3V/5V FTDI Serial Adapter Module is a popular module that is used to connect a TTL serial communicating device to a PC via a USB mini port.

Liquid Crystal Display (20x4)

A 20x4 LCD means it can display 20 characters per line and there are 4 such lines

Resistors

Bread Board

Vero Board

PCB Board

Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry ManufacturingOther IndustriesCore Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies Cloud InfrastructureSustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate ActionRequired Resources

Item Name	Type	No. of Units	Per Unit Cost (in Rs)	Total (in Rs)
			Total in (Rs)	66700
BMP180	Equipment	5	750	3750
MAX66758	Equipment	5	900	4500
GOOT TQ-77 QUICK HEAT UP SOLDERING IRON	Equipment	1	5800	5800
M $ F HEADER	Equipment	10	40	400
8 PIN CRIMP SHELL	Equipment	10	50	500
28-SSOP FTDI Chip for Arduino	Equipment	4	1500	6000
Arduino UNO	Equipment	2	2500	5000
Vero board large	Equipment	2	100	200
ATMEGA 32	Equipment	4	700	2800
K-TYPE THEMOCOUPLE	Equipment	2	178	356
Wind Sensor Rev. P	Equipment	2	5400	10800
Voltage Regulator IC - 6V 1.5A	Equipment	5	100	500
USB To TTL FT232RL	Equipment	2	500	1000
ATMEGA 32 Boot Loader Burner	Equipment	3	750	2250
LCD (20x4)	Equipment	2	800	1600
PCB manufacturing	Equipment	2	4500	9000
Diodes	Equipment	10	82	820
Arduino jumper connecting wires male female	Equipment	40	17	680
Resistors	Equipment	12	17	204
Potentiometer	Equipment	5	122	610
9 volt Power Supply	Equipment	2	532	1064
Bread board	Equipment	3	232	696
Led’s	Equipment	15	14	210
Soldering Wire	Equipment	2	350	700
ARDUINO NANO	Equipment	2	1100	2200
Hot melt glue gun	Equipment	1	1000	1000
PCB BOARD 12X12	Equipment	2	280	560
Traveling	Miscellaneous	1	3500	3500