IOT in Rescue or Agriculture
Agriculture is considered as the basis of life for the human species as it is the main source of food grains and other raw materials. Agriculture plays very important role in every progressing of every development country. In
2025-06-28 16:33:53 - Adil Khan
IOT in Rescue or Agriculture
Project Area of Specialization Artificial IntelligenceProject SummaryAgriculture is considered as the basis of life for the human
species as it is the main source of food grains and other raw materials. Agriculture plays very important role in every progressing of every development country. In almos every country 60 to 70 percent of the population depends upon agriculture like their one third capital comes from farming. As we have going through the modern era so we need advanced technologies for farming too. Thats why we need smart agriculture tools and devices for this purpose. So our goal is to introduce smart agriculture using automation and IoT technologies. The main working of this project consists of smart GPS based remote controlled robot to perform tasks like weeding, spraying, moisture sensing. it also provides smart warehouse management including temperature maintenance, humidity maintenance. we will control all these operations through any remote smart device or computer connected to Internet and the operations will be performed by interfacing sensors, Wi -Fi or ZigBee modules, camera and actuators with micro-controller and raspberry pi.
The project consist of four sections; node1, node2, node3 and PC or mobile app to control system. In the present system, every node is integration with different sensors and devices and they are interconnected to one central server via wireless communication modules. The server sends and receives information from user end using internet connectivity. There are two modes of operation of the system; auto mode and manual mode. In auto mode system takes its own decisions and controls the installed devices whereas in manual mode user can control the operations of system using android app or PC commands
Project Implementation MethodNode 1:
Node1 is GPS based mobile robot which can be controlled
remotely using computer as well as it can be programmed
so as to navigate autonomously within the boundary of
field using the co-ordinates given by GPS module. The Remote controlled robot have various sensors and
devices like camera, obstacle sensor, siren, cutter, sprayer
and using them it will perform tasks like; Keeping
vigilance, Bird and animal scaring, Weeding, and
Spraying.
Node 2:
Node2 will be the warehouse. It consists of motion
detector, light sensor, humidity sensor, temperature sensor,
room heater, cooling fan altogether interfaced with AVR
microcontroller. Motion detector will detect the motion in
the room when security mode will be ON and on detection
of motion, it will send the alert signal to user via
Raspberry pi and thus providing theft detection. Temperature sensor and Humidity sensor senses the temperature and humidity respectively and if the value crosses the threshold then room heater or cooling fan will be switched ON/OFF automatically providing temperature and humidity maintenance.Node2 will also controls water pump depending upon the soil moisture data sent by
node3.
Node 3:
Node3 is a smart irrigation node with features like ; Smart
control of water pump based on real time field data i.e.
automatically turning on/off the pump after attaining the
required soil moisture level in auto mode, Switching water
pump on/off remotely via mobile or computer in manual
mode, and continuous monitoring of soil moisture.In node3, moisture sensor transmits the data using HT12E
Encoder IC and a RF transmitter. The transmitted data is
received by node2 and there it is processed by
microcontroller in order to control the operation of water
pump.
Smart farming systems reduce waste, improve productivity and enable management of a greater number of resources through remote sensing.
In traditional farming methods, it was a mainstay for the farmer to be out in the field, constantly monitoring the land and condition of crops. But with larger and larger farms, it has become more challenging for farmers to monitor everything everywhere. This is especially true with microfarming, where many remote plots of land may be farmed for different crops, requiring different conditions and precise control of soil and water.
Today, the combination of smart irrigation and control being linked to local sensors, as well as sensing for pH and other environmental conditions, including insolation and local temperature, can stave off many issues that traditionally had been accounted for by "walking the field." Remote monitoring through smart farming systems enables production yields to increase because farmers have more time to attend to their farm's real issues: applying their expertise to solving problems with pests, watering in any location, amending soil conditions all through the use of sensing and automation.
The types of precision farming systems implemented depend on the use of software for management of the business. Control systems manage sensor input, delivering remote information for supply and decision support, as well as automation of machines and equipment for taking action in response to emerging issues and production support. This is not notably different than any other "smart" business model's success criteria; a standardized approach sets forth the right use of resources for production in real time on the supply side and for meeting stringent constraints coming from the demand side. Thus, in a smart farming system, it's about managing the supply of land and, based on its condition, setting it forth in the right growing parameters -- for example, moisture, fertilizer or material content to provide production for the right crop that is in demand.
During production, it's about managing one's resources to improve the growing process
Technical Details of Final DeliverableHardware used:
a) AVR Microcontroller Atmega 16/32:
The microcontroller used is, Low-power AVR® 8-bit
Microcontroller, having 8K Bytes of In-System Selfprogrammable Flash program memory, Programmable
Serial USART, 8-channel, 10-bit ADC, 23 Programmable
I/O Lines.
b) ZigBee Module:
ZigBee is used for achieving wireless communication
between Node1 and Node2. The range for Zigbee is
roughly 50 meters and it can be increased using high
power modules or by using network of modules. It
operates on 2.4 GHz frequency. Its power consumption is
very low and it is less expensive as compared to other
wireless modules like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. It is usually
used to establish wireless local area networks.
c) Temperature Sensor LM35:
The LM35 is precision IC temperature sensor. Output
voltage of LM35 is directly proportional to the
Centigrade/Celsius of temperature. The LM35 does not
need external calibration or trimming to provide accurate
temperature range. It is very low cost sensor. It has low
output impedance and linear output. The operating
temperature range for LM35 is ?55? to +150?C. With rise
in temperature, the output voltage of the sensor increases
linearly and the value of voltage is given to the
microcontroller which is multiplied by the conversion
factor in order to give the value of actual temperature.
d) Moisture sensor:
Soil moisture sensor measures the water content in soil. It
uses the property of the electrical resistance of the soil.
The relationship among the measured property and soil
moisture is calibrated and it may vary depending on
environmental factors such as temperature, soil
type, or electric conductivity. Here, It is used to sense the
moisture in field and transfer it to microcontroller in order
to take controlling action of switching water pump
ON/OFF.
Humidity sensor:
The DHT11 is a basic, low-cost digital temperature and
humidity sensor. It gives out digital value and hence there
is no need to use conversion algorithm at ADC of the
microcontroller and hence we can give its output directly
to data pin instead of ADC. It has a capacitive sensor for
measuring humidity. The only real shortcoming of this
sensor is that one can only get new data from it only after
every 2 seconds.
e) Obstacle sensor (Ultra-Sonic):
The ultra-sonic sensor operates on the principle of sound
waves and their reflection property. It has two parts; ultrasonic transmitter and ultra-sonic receiver. Transmitter
transmits the 40 KHz sound wave and receiver receives
the reflected 40 KHz wave and on its reception, it sends the electrical signal to the microcontroller. The speed of sound in air is already known.
f) Raspberry Pi :
The Raspberry Pi is small pocket size computer used to do
small computing and networking operations. It is the main
element in the field of internet of things. It provides access
to the internet and hence the connection of automation
system with remote location controlling device becomes
possible.
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 72895 | |||
| AVR Microcontroller Atmega 16/32 | Equipment | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| IOT Kit | Equipment | 1 | 4000 | 4000 |
| ZigBee Module | Equipment | 2 | 4950 | 9900 |
| Temperature Sensor LM35 | Equipment | 1 | 150 | 150 |
| Moisture sensor VH400-10M | Equipment | 2 | 6000 | 12000 |
| Humidity sensor DHT21 | Equipment | 1 | 520 | 520 |
| Obstacle sensor (Ultra-Sonic) | Equipment | 1 | 3000 | 3000 |
| Raspberry Pi | Equipment | 1 | 6825 | 6825 |
| HT12E Encoder IC and a RF transmitter | Equipment | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| RF transmitter | Equipment | 1 | 150 | 150 |
| Wulian PIR Smart Motion Detector | Equipment | 1 | 10200 | 10200 |
| Motion Sensor Light | Equipment | 2 | 2500 | 5000 |
| Room Heater | Equipment | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Cooling fan | Equipment | 1 | 400 | 400 |
| OV7670 camera module | Equipment | 1 | 1050 | 1050 |
| L293D Motor Driver Module | Equipment | 1 | 900 | 900 |
| 10W Solar Panel 18 Volt Pv Solar Module Solar Cell Panel | Equipment | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| Arduino Siren Sound Alarm | Equipment | 1 | 4000 | 4000 |
| Honana HG-GW 1/4 Inch 4 Hole Brass Spray Nozzle Garden Sprinklers | Equipment | 1 | 1200 | 1200 |
| IOT-BUS MOTOR CONTROLLER | Equipment | 1 | 1600 | 1600 |
| Wiring | Miscellaneous | 1 | 2000 | 2000 |
| Printing | Miscellaneous | 1 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Batteries | Equipment | 1 | 500 | 500 |