IoT based Smart Water Quality Monitoring & Purification using RO-UV Technology.

Water pollution and contamination is a major concern around the globe. It is one of the main sources of deadly infections [1]?[4]. Around 40% of the people in the world die because of drinking impure water [3]. With the advent of COVID-19, a global pandemic, we?re more viable to such viruses and bac

Project Title

IoT based Smart Water Quality Monitoring & Purification using RO-UV Technology.

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

Water pollution and contamination is a major concern around the globe. It is one of the main sources of deadly infections [1]–[4]. Around 40% of the people in the world die because of drinking impure water [3]. With the advent of COVID-19, a global pandemic, we’re more viable to such viruses and bacterial infections. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the purity and disinfection of the water world-wide [1], [3].

Timely quality monitoring and treatment of water can help us sustain and fight against the deadly water diseases. This project focuses on quality monitoring, desalination and disinfection of water for domestic and household uses. It will integrate the Internet of Things (IoT), Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Ultraviolet (UV) Technology into a system for continuous quality monitoring and obtaining reliably pure and freshwater by measuring parameters like pH, turbidity, and TDS using the Internet of Things (IoT) [1]–[3]. An AI-based algorithm will be used to intelligently determine the quality of water. The water is processed through Reverse Osmosis (RO) filtration for removing impurities [5]–[7] and applied with Ultra-Violet (UV) Technology to disinfect the water from germs, viruses, and other infections [8], [9]. 

This project will address the problem of 58.26% of water being drained out during the filtration process by storing the water. Which can be used for gardening and cleaning purposes. This project proposes a solution that will help fight viruses like COVID-19 and eradicate every possible contamination in water. It will provide pure, improved taste and odor, sweet water for drinking, cooking and other domestic uses. Moreover, the drained water is utilized smartly as it is suitable for gardening and sanitary purposes within households.

Equipment and Materials
1. Water Storage Tanks: It is a hydropneumatic pressure tank. It collects the water gradually purified by the system. Using air pressure, it pushes the water to the dedicated faucet. When the tank is full of water, the system triggers the shut-off valve which stops the system from further purifying the water. When the water is poured into glass, the pressure is decreased inside the tank which again activates the system to purify the water.

 

2. RO Water Treatment System: An RO Water Treatment System contains the parts like filters, cartridges, pressure pump, inlet/outlet pipes, mineral dosing cartridge, etc.

 

3. Arduino UNO Board: Arduino is an open-source, low-cost programmable microcontroller board based on ATmega 328p. It comes with its own Integrated Development Environment (IDE) which is widely recognized. It gives us feasibility in programming an electronic device.

4. NodeMCU ESP8266 WiFi Module: It is a low-cost and open-source IoT development environment that runs on the ESP8266 WiFi System on Chip (SoC).

 

5. Ulta-Violet (UV) Sterilizer: It emits UV-C light to eradicate germs, deadly organisms and viruses.
6. pH, TDS and Turbidity Sensor.

Project Objectives

• To develop a smartly integrated system based on IoT, RO and UV Technology for real-time water quality monitoring and purification.
• To develop an affordable and cost-effective system.
• To achieve 02 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Project Implementation Method

The implementation of the system is divided into four stages. Sensor-based quality monitoring of water by an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Algorithm. Water Filtration using Reverse Osmosis (RO) Technology. Water sterilizing using Ultraviolet (UV) Technology and stage-wise IoT-based cloud connectivity.

(1) Quality Monitoring of Water-based on AI Algorithm
The quality of the water is monitored in the raw water tank. Using an AI-based algorithm, it intelligently determines the purity level of water by its chemical and physical parameters. I.e., pH, turbidity and TDS level. [1]–[3].

(2) Water Filtration using RO Technology
The water is initially monitored. The water is processed through the filtration process of RO based on its purity level. RO treatment has three stages. Pre-treatment, Reverse Osmosis and Post-treatment. Based on the purity level determined by AI Algorithm, the system determines the stages of water to be processed for treatment.
In the pre-treatment stage, the solid wastes, dirt particles and chlorine will be separated from water molecules [5]. It will also protect the RO membrane from any damage [5]. The treated water will later be pushed into an RO semi-permeable membrane [7]. It is expected to have a size of micrometers which will only allow small water molecules to pass through while other contaminated particles will be left behind [5], [7]. The water will later enter the post-treatment stage where it will be filtered with active carbon to remove chloramine or chlorine [5]–[7].

(3) Water Sterilizing using UV Technology
The water processed throughout the treatment system will enter in the chamber of UV light. It will be exposed to UV light for a short time to disinfect the water from viruses and bacteria [8]. Finally, the water will enter in the storage tank where it will be available for usage and drinking purpose.

(4) Data analysis using IoT cloud
The data obtained throughout the process is stored in IoT based cloud platform. It is analyzed and the results are displayed on the web and app platform. For Instance: ThingsSpeak. The data is accessible from computer as well as a mobile phone.

Block Diagram: images/'IoT based Smart Water Quality Monitoring & Purification using RO-UV Technology.' _1659395658.png

Benefits of the Project

This project will provide;

• A complete integrated solution for water monitoring & purification system based on RO-UV and IoT Technology.
• Cloud-based real-time monitoring using IoT Technology.
• Water desalination using RO Water Treatment Technology.
• Water disinfection using UV-C Technology.
• A cost-effective solution for pure water supply.
• Attaining 2 SDGs of UN; Good Health and Clean Water & Sanitation.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The final deliverable of the project is the Smart Water Quality Monitoring and Purification System based on RO-UV, IoT and AI Technology. It will monitor the quality of water stage-wise in real-time and show the comparative results on the LCD screen as well as the cloud platform. The raw water will be processed from the RO water treatment technique to desalinate the water from impurities. The treated water will be processed from the UV chamber for germicidal effect in order to disinfect the water from deadly micro-organisms. Finally, the fresh water will be obtained for purpose of drinking or other household uses.

IoT is a technology that enables to establish connectivity among various devices and exchange data [1-3]. This technology is embedded with electronic systems and used in various applications like automation, process monitoring, etc. [3]. It will be used in this project for cloud-based real-time monitoring of water quality based on its chemical and physical parameters.

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a process used world-wide for the treatment of raw water for industrial, commercial and domestic use [4]. It has a high water purification capacity, energy efficiency and the ability to remove impurities from raw water [4, 5, 6]. It will be used in this project to desalinate the water from impurities and contaminations.

Ultra Violet (UV) Technology produces ultra-violet electromagnetic radiation waves which range in nanometers [8, 9]. The germicidal effect of UV radiation has been studied experimentally and found to offer a great potential in disinfecting bacteria and viruses (i.e., COVID-19) [11, 12, 13]. It will be used in this project to disinfect the water from deadly micro-organisms. It destroys the DNA/RNA of the organism which prevents it from replicating. [12, 13].

A Microcontroller is a self-contained system with a processor, memory and peripherals on an integrated chip [1]. ATmega328 Micro-Controller will be used in this project. It will be operated using Arduino, an open-source platform. It is flexible, easy to use and cost-effective. It will collect the data from sensors and transmit it to the wireless communicating module.

Node Micro-Controller Unit (NodeMCU) is an open-source platform that includes the firmware based on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module [3]. It will be used in this project as the wireless communication module to receive the data from the micro-controller and transmit to the cloud platform.

A sensor is a transducer that converts any physical entity into an electrical signal. pH, turbidity and TDS sensors will be used in this project to measure the quality of water [1, 2, 3].

ThingsSpeak is an open-source cloud-based IoT analysis platform. It will be used to monitor the real-time quality of water [1-4].

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

IT

Other Industries

Education , Manufacturing , Health

Core Technology

Internet of Things (IoT)

Other Technologies

Artificial Intelligence(AI)

Sustainable Development Goals

Good Health and Well-Being for People, Clean Water and Sanitation

Required Resources

If you need this project, please contact me on contact@adikhanofficial.com