IOT based Grid tied PV system with net metering

An on-grid solar system, also known as a grid-tied solar system, is the most widely deployed form of rooftop solar across the world. These systems do not need any batteries and are connected to the utility grid power. In our 1Kw system at the day time energy consumption by local load (ow

Project Title

IOT based Grid tied PV system with net metering

Project Area of Specialization

Electrical/Electronic Engineering

Project Summary

An on-grid solar system, also known as a grid-tied solar system, is the most widely deployed form of rooftop solar across the world. These systems do not need any batteries and are connected to the utility grid power.

In our 1Kw system at the day time energy consumption by local load (owner load) may be less than energy generated from the PV arrays so that some of clean and green generated energy may be delivered to local load and rest of it may be sold to national grid while at night time there is no power output from PV panel and owner may switch load to grid supply. The record of owner’s energy consumption and delivery is displayed in net meter.

This whole system is IOT based, which means the bi-directional power can be monitored and controlled from all over the world through google cloud by using Microcontroller ESP 8266.Also we are going to make our system so smart such that it can regulates it's efficiency automatically by using the dust sensors and showers interfaced with a coded arduino to get max power.

Project Objectives

The main objective of our project is to design and fabricate single phase IOT based smart PV inverter with net metering. For the design of PV inverter, we are going to use sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) technique and net metering  implemented in the inverter. In order to achieve this objective, a series of steps are to be taken. Firstly, the project was designed and evaluated using software such as Proteus and MATLAB. After achieving satisfactory results, the project was implemented in hardware. The implementation was found to be successful. It was verified that Net meter was able to measure the net energy consumed by the unity power factor load. The output of inverter was passed through the LC low pass filter to obtain the sinusoidal voltage output. The measurement of net energy and sinusoidal output from the inverter implied the success of the project.

This idea can overcome energy crises and can boost up economy of a country, also local peoples can earn money by investing a small amount.

Futher it promotes the green energy production in a contry and reduce negative environmental impacts.

Project Implementation Method

Theoretical study: Now-a-days we are studing the different research article and previous project reports related to Grid Connected Solar System.Study about inverter, sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM).

By simulation of SPWM inverter on MATLAB/Simulink.

By programming in MPLAB software for Atmel microntroller.

By simulation of Net meter in Proteus software for calculation and display of Energy produced by solar inverter and consumed by domestic load and Net Energy .

By design and Fabrication of harware of the above proposed scheme.

By testing and debugging of hardware.

Benefits of the Project

1. Better ROI than off-grid system becuase on-grid system doesn't require bettaries.
2. More efficient and environmentally friendly than off-the-grid systems.
3. Easy to install and require very less maintenance.
4. Huge reduction in electricity bills.
5. Easy to synchronise with main grid.
6. This is highly encouraging because all your investment is recovered in less than 4 years and you have 21 years of free energy from your solar system
7. Businesses can recoup the cost of their investment by offsetting electricity bills in just 3-8 years. If a private, commercial or industrial building sets up a solar PV rooftop system it will be eligible to avail an ‘Accelerated Depreciation Benefit’ which is currently 80% in a year. At this rate, a business can completely depreciate the whole value of the project in approximately 4 years
8. Residential users and business owners can earn a passive income for the surplus energy generated by the system through net-metering.
9. An IOT based on-grid inverter and an IOT net meter makes the system so smart and can be controlled and monitored from all over the world through google cloud.
10. This system is very helpful to overcome energy crises and boost up the pakistan's economy.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

Our whole system is IOT based, which means the bi-directional power can be monitored and controlled from all over the world through google cloud by using Microcontroller ESP 8266.Also we are going to make our system so smart such that it can regulates it's efficiency automatically by using the dust sensors and showers interfaced with a coded arduino to get max power, but this would be beneficial for large production.

For a grid tied AC sine wave 50Hz inverter we going to use four MOSFET switches arranged in an H-Bridge configuration.To minimize power loss and utilize higher switching speeds, N-Channel MOSFETs were chosen as switches in the bridge. For level translation between PWM signals and voltages required to forward bias high side N- Channel MOSFETs, the IR2110 MOSFET driver integrated circuit was chosen.The IR2110 High and Low side Drive device exceeds all requirements for driving the MOSFETs in the bridge. It is capable of generating up to 500V at a current rating of 2A at fast switching speeds. This device is required to drive the high side MOSFETs in the circuit designated HO, due to the fact that the gate to source voltage must be higher than the drain to source voltage, which is the highest voltage in the system. This device utilizes a bootstrapping capacitor to maintain a voltage difference of approximately 10V above the drain to source voltage. With a full bridge configuration, two of these devices are utilized.For the generation of the output voltage waveform of 50 Hz pure sine wave and higher order harmonics should be eliminated,we are going to use a LC low pass filter.

For net metering purpose we are going to use ATMEGA32A microcontroller interfaced with 2 CTs,a PT,LM741 and a LCD for display.In our net meter two current transformers and a potential transformer are used to sense current and voltage. Current flowing from inverter circuit is sensed by one CT while current flowing to local load is measured by next CT.Voltage across load or output of inverter or voltage at grid is measured by PT. The ac current sensed by both CTs is given to ADC input pin of Microcontroller (ATMEGA32A) after offset circuit.All necessary mathematical calculation at every load current or inverter current change and net energy consumption are carried out within Micro-controller ATMEGA32A. This microcontroller is used because of its easy availability in the market. Also, the requirements of the project and its capacity were found to be in congruence. This microcontroller features an internal ADC, which provides a greater saving in cost than the use of external ADC chips. Also, the task of interfacing ADC to microcontroller becomes facile when an internal ADC is used. Three input signals are given to PORTA (PA0, PA1, PA2) of micro controller to complete our objective. PORTC (PC0-PC7) is used for display in LCD. Control signals to LCD is given by the combination of PORTD (PD0-PD2). 16MHz crystal is sufficient for our objective.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Energy

Other Industries

IT

Core Technology

Others

Other Technologies

Internet of Things (IoT)

Sustainable Development Goals

Affordable and Clean Energy

Required Resources

If you need this project, please contact me on contact@adikhanofficial.com