Intelligent Control of Induction motor for Electric Vehicle

Project Title

Intelligent Control of Induction motor for Electric Vehicle

Project Area of Specialization Electrical/Electronic EngineeringProject Summary

Induction motors due to their reliability, low cost and strength are the most widely used electrical motors but do not have the ability of variable speed operation. Due to this reason, earlier dc motors were applied in most of the electrical drives. But due to advancement in speed control methods of the induction motor have led to their large-scale use in almost all electrical drives. There are several methods of speed control of an induction such as pole changing, frequency variation, variable rotor resistance method and many others are expected control methods. For this task, a framework tied sunlight based contracted scale inverter has been displayed. Power inverter is basic unit to convert the DC voltages provided by a solar panel or battery into AC voltages for the motor consumption. With developments in solid-state power electronic devices and microprocessors, various pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) techniques have been developed to control the speed of the induction motor for industrial applications. Our project discusses about the speed control of induction motor by using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique. The simulation results on MATLAB as well as on Proteus shows that the SVPWM technique has lower total harmonic distortion than the other PWM techniques. And controlling speed of induction motor smartly. Our project in addition to controlling the speed of motor also automates the motor as a standalone entity in the system. A control system is developed which can measure real time values of temprature, humidity, voltage, current and rpm. The overheating of winding can be a major issue and it can lead us to abnormal condition. To tackle this a microcontroller based control system is used to vary the speed of induction motor with the varying temprature. Also a user-interface is provided through which user can run and stop induction motor. Also through this we can control the rotation direction of motor either clockwise and anticlockwise. This will help us automate motor and also the technique used will effeciently utilized input voltage for conversion into AC. The need for renewable sources is emphasized.

Induction motors due to their reliability, low cost and strength are the most widely used electrical
motors but do not have the ability of variable speed operation. Due to this reason, earlier dc motors
were applied in most of the electrical drives. But due to advancement in speed control methods of
the induction motor have led to their large-scale use in almost all electrical drives. There are several
methods of speed control of an induction such as pole changing, frequency variation, variable rotor
resistance method and many others are expected control methods. For this task, a framework tied
sunlight based contracted scale inverter has been displayed. Power inverter is basic unit to convert
the DC voltages provided by a solar panel or battery into AC voltages for the motor consumption.
With developments in solid-state power electronic devices and microprocessors, various
pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) techniques have been developed to control the speed of the
induction motor for industrial applications. Our project discusses about the speed control of
induction motor by using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique. The
simulation results on MATLAB as well as on Proteus shows that the SVPWM technique has lower
total harmonic distortion than the other PWM techniques. And controlling speed of induction
motor smartly. Our project in addition to controlling the speed of motor also automates the motor as a standalone entity in the system. A control system is developed which can measure real time values of temprature, humidity, voltage, current and rpm. The overheating of winding can be a major issue and it can lead us to abnormal condition. To tackle this a microcontroller based control system is used to vary the speed of induction motor with the varying temprature. Also a user-interface is provided through which user can run and stop induction motor. Also through this we can control the rotation direction of motor either clockwise and anticlockwise. This will help us automate motor and also the technique used will effeciently utilized input voltage for conversion into AC. The need for renewable sources is emphasized.

Project Objectives

Inverter is one of power conversion device that widely used in the world to convert DC input
voltage to AC output voltage. The output of the inverter is the pure sinusoidal. However, nonsinusoidal contains harmonics is the waveform of practical inverter.
By utilizing solar powered system with SVPWM for IM control, the following factors are to be
considered to meet the requirement:
1 Reduction of losses.
2. Reduction of motor heating and stress.
3. Increases efficiency.
4. High saving in energy
5. Low maintenance.
6. Long life.
7. Improves the process of control.
For this project, we've generated pure sine wave by using modern technique which is space vector
pulse width modulation (SVPWM). Main advantage of this method is that total harmonic distortion
is reduced and increase in fundamental output voltage by 15.5% of SPWM technique.
A control system is developed which can measure real time values of temprature, humidity, voltage, current and rpm. The overheating of winding can be a major issue and it can lead us to abnormal condition. To tackle this a microcontroller based control system is used to vary the speed of induction motor with the varying temprature. Also a user-interface is provided through which user can run and stop induction motor. Also through this we can control the rotation direction of motor either clockwise and anticlockwise. This will help us automate motor and also the technique used will effeciently utilized input voltage for conversion into AC. The need for renewable sources is emphasized.

Project Implementation Method

Photovoltaic power provides an environmentally friendly green source of electricity where the fuel is sunshine, a renewable energy. The power electronic devices play an important role for increasing the efficiency by using renewable sources. Solar energy is the universal source of energy as sun shines everywhere. This energy is used to operate electrical appliances. As solar panel provides DC output voltages which is not enough to convert it into three phase AC voltages for the induction motor drive. For this reason, boost DC-DC converter topology is employed, which step up the panel voltages into higher level. They are widely used to get desired power output at home solar systems. Because the induction motor requires AC voltage to drive, a three-phase inverter is used. It generates at any required voltage and frequency by proper switching and control technique. In this inverter SVPWM method is implemented which supplies three-phase AC to an induction motor. This is one of the pulse width modulation technique which is more efficient for the reduction of harmonics. The main objective of this project is the design, simulation and testing of a three-phase inverter for DC into AC, hence, generate Pure Sine Wave to drive the motor. The speed control of motor is done by switching scheme used in inverter. • The first step is the analysis of the device, with a full regard into topologies, modulation and components. • After the definition of the performance criteria, the real elements must be selected. Therefore, some computations will be necessary to determine the actual parts and to simulate and analyze the Inverter in MATLAB and Proteus. • Then next aim is to implement the SVPWM modulation digitally, and for this purpose, the possibilities provided by the microcontroller will be analyzed. • Next step is to control the frequency and speed of motor by variable frequency drive technique. • Once the theoretical simulation is made, the circuit should be built into a protoboard for real testing. As a final step, a PCB model of the circuit will be developed Main Components • PV array • Push pull converter (for increasing dc voltages magnitude) • Induction motor of power around 1 hp. • 3-phase inverter • Push pull gate driver circuit • Raspberry Pi controller  Control System and Sensor

 

Photovoltaic power provides an environmentally friendly green source of electricity where the fuel
is sunshine, a renewable energy. The power electronic devices play an important role for increasing
the efficiency by using renewable sources. Solar energy is the universal source of energy as sun
shines everywhere. This energy is used to operate electrical appliances.
As solar panel provides DC output voltages which is not enough to convert it into three phase AC
voltages for the induction motor drive. For this reason, boost DC-DC converter topology is
employed, which step up the panel voltages into higher level. They are widely used to get desired
power output at home solar systems.
Because the induction motor requires AC voltage to drive, a three-phase inverter is used. It
generates at any required voltage and frequency by proper switching and control technique. In this
inverter SVPWM method is implemented which supplies three-phase AC to an induction motor.
This is one of the pulse width modulation technique which is more efficient for the reduction of
harmonics.

The main objective of this project is the design, simulation and testing of a three-phase inverter
for DC into AC, hence, generate Pure Sine Wave to drive the motor. The speed control of motor
is done by switching scheme used in inverter.
• The first step is the analysis of the device, with a full regard into topologies, modulation
and components.
• After the definition of the performance criteria, the real elements must be selected.
Therefore, some computations will be necessary to determine the actual parts and to
simulate and analyze the Inverter in MATLAB and Proteus.
• Then next aim is to implement the SVPWM modulation digitally, and for this purpose,
the possibilities provided by the microcontroller will be analyzed.
• Next step is to control the frequency and speed of motor by variable frequency drive
technique.
• Once the theoretical simulation is made, the circuit should be built into a protoboard for
real testing. As a final step, a PCB model of the circuit will be developed
Main Components
• PV array
• Push pull converter (for increasing dc voltages magnitude)
• Induction motor of power around 1 hp.
• 3-phase inverter
• Push pull gate driver circuit
• Raspberry Pi controller 

Control System and Sensor

Benefits of the Project

After the complete description of project including hardware and software, we review our work
by explaining the advantages as compare to the same apparatus as follows:
• We have fruitfully developed the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM)
algorithm using MicroController. It’s too much economical than use of any PLC or other
controllers. By using our technologically advanced hardware and software, an efficient
edge can be gained easily over most of the drive systems.
• The code is completely independent of the size of the machine we design. By suitably
adjusting the parameters corresponding to the motor, our software and hardware are
completely compatible to operate with any 3-phase induction motor.
• Our SVPWM inverter can drive the induction motor of 1/4hp. This power rating is
determined by the maximum current carrying capability of the components used i.e. IGBT
stack modules, push-pull converter etc. We can increase the power rating of our project by
increasing the input power (adding more solar panels) and developing the push-pull
converter for high ampere ratings. Continuously updating in system specification enable
us to drive high power rating motors (maximum horse power).

The DC voltages available at the terminals of the inverter is obtained from the push-pull
converter which actually converting low DC voltages (from PV array) into high frequency
AC voltages (using ferrite core transformer) and then rectify into high voltages DC. The
rectified voltage obtained at the cross end are in the range of 430-480 DC Voltages.
• Response of the motor has been completely isolated from load connected unless and until
our load does not violate the rated load of the machine. That is, we can have a full precise
control over the dynamic response of the machine by remaining in the limits of the rated
values of the machine.
• Space Vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) being the most advance technique which
extremely reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD). This technique of modulation has
minimum switching losses. Moreover, in this technique DC utilization is maximum then
other techniques of inverting DC into AC.
The user interfaced standalone automatic decision making induction based on the real time data is developed which will automate the motor and all control will be done by microcontroller not manually by personnel.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

The final deliverable a model to control the speed of induction motor rated at 560W. First of all DC from the renewable source is taken and stored in the batteries rated at 12V 30A.These two such batteries are utilized in the system. we will connect these batteries in series to generate DC voltages of 24V 30A to meet our power requirement at the load side. Next phase is the conversion of DC to high Voltage DC. The need for this we have to generate three phase AC voltages at the output. These can not be generated by 24V. This will be stepped up using the push pull converter that will convert the level of DC to almost 600V DC. The push pull converter is designed for 1200VA ratings. Now we have a full fledged DC.Next phase is the conversion of DC to three phase AC of almost 415V.. This is done by three phase inverter of desired frequency. This frequency will be adjusted by the microcontroller which will provide gate signal to the inverter of desired frequency as specified by the user. The technique used to generate gate signal for operation of three phase inverter is SVPWM technique which gives better results than the all other techniques. Now we have converted our DC to three phase AC of desired frequency. These three phase input will be given to induction motor which rotates at rated speed 1400 rpm. Now at the motor side we will measure temprature humidity voltage current. Now the motor is operating as soon as temprature of motor fall below the specified range it will give signal to microcontroller and microcontroller will try to lower the temprature by reducing the speed through adjusting gate signal frequency named as VFD.These real time values will be analysed at the remote place. Next a User interface based Control system is provided that can control the running stoping and direction control of motor by Voice Commands.

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry Energy Other Industries Manufacturing , Transportation Core Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Affordable and Clean Energy, Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources

Photovoltaic power provides an environmentally friendly green source of electricity where the fuel is sunshine, a renewable energy. The power electronic devices play an important role for increasing the efficiency by using renewable sources. Solar energy is the universal source of energy as sun shines everywhere. This energy is used to operate electrical appliances. As solar panel provides DC output voltages which is not enough to convert it into three phase AC voltages for the induction motor drive. For this reason, boost DC-DC converter topology is employed, which step up the panel voltages into higher level. They are widely used to get desired power output at home solar systems. Because the induction motor requires AC voltage to drive, a three-phase inverter is used. It generates at any required voltage and frequency by proper switching and control technique. In this inverter SVPWM method is implemented which supplies three-phase AC to an induction motor. This is one of the pulse width modulation technique which is more efficient for the reduction of harmonics. The main objective of this project is the design, simulation and testing of a three-phase inverter for DC into AC, hence, generate Pure Sine Wave to drive the motor. The speed control of motor is done by switching scheme used in inverter. • The first step is the analysis of the device, with a full regard into topologies, modulation and components. • After the definition of the performance criteria, the real elements must be selected. Therefore, some computations will be necessary to determine the actual parts and to simulate and analyze the Inverter in MATLAB and Proteus. • Then next aim is to implement the SVPWM modulation digitally, and for this purpose, the possibilities provided by the microcontroller will be analyzed. • Next step is to control the frequency and speed of motor by variable frequency drive technique. • Once the theoretical simulation is made, the circuit should be built into a protoboard for real testing. As a final step, a PCB model of the circuit will be developed Main Components • PV array • Push pull converter (for increasing dc voltages magnitude) • Induction motor of power around 1 hp. • 3-phase inverter • Push pull gate driver circuit • Raspberry Pi controller  Control System and Sensor