Implementation of Antenna azimuth and elevation control system using MATLAB, Simulink and developing a control system for Ku band (60 cm dish) antenna scaled down physical model.

Project Title

Implementation of Antenna azimuth and elevation control system using MATLAB, Simulink and developing a control system for Ku band (60 cm dish) antenna scaled down physical model.

Project Area of Specialization RoboticsProject Summary

This FYP is based on the Case study of antenna azimuth position control system which is in the Text Book:  Control Systems Engineering, Norman S Nise, 6th Edition, John Wiley this book has experimented on this case study in regrading of design and development I am going to design these 12 experiments in the MATLAB then I design my Hardware model according to these results which I will achieve through MATLAB.

This is pictorial view of telescope antenna.

                                                                                                 
A position control system converts a position input command to a position output response. The system is well described by its components, that is the motor, gears, load, preamplifier, power amplifier, potentiometers, and voltage references. The system normally operates to drive the error to zero. When the input and output match, the error will be zero, and the motor will not turn. Thus, the motor is driven only when the output and the input do not match. The greater the difference between the input and the output, the larger the motor input voltage, and the faster the motor will turn.

The position of the antenna is controlled by using gears and a feedback potentiometer.  Antenna azimuth is also fine controlled by using some control mechanism meeting certain specifications for desired system’s transient and steady-state response.  Getting the output angle of the antenna ?o(t) from the reference angle of the potentiometer ?i(t)as input is the purpose of this scheme. The input command is an angular displacement. The potentiometer converts the angular displacement into a voltage. Similarly, the output angular displacement is converted to a voltage by the potentiometer in the feedback path. The signal and power amplifiers boost the difference between the input and output voltages. This amplified actuating signal drives the plant. The system normally operates to drive the error to zero. When the input and output match, the error will be zero, and the motor will not turn. Thus, the motor is driven only when the output and the input do not match. The greater the difference between the input and the output, the larger the motor input voltage, and the faster the motor will turn.

Project Objectives

This FYP is completely related to control system engineering. Robots designed by control system principles can compensate for human disabilities. Control systems are also useful in remote or dangerous locations.

With control systems, we can move large equipment with a precision that would otherwise be impossible. We can point huge antennas toward the farthest reaches of the universe to pick up faint radio signals; controlling these antennas by hand would be impossible.

This FYP is completely controllable and remote can be used for many fields.

Implementation of Antenna azimuth and elevation control system using MATLAB, Simulink and making a scaled-down physical lab model base on a case study which has 12 experiments which are listed below. 

Experiment List
1	An Introduction to Position Control System	7	Steady-State Error Design via Gain
2	Transfer Functions	8	Transient Design via Gain
3	State-Space Representation	9	Lag-Lead Compensation
4	Open-Loop Response	10	Stability Design and Transient Performance
5	Designing a Closed-Loop Response	11	Gain Control Design
6	Stability Design via Gain	12	Design of Controller and Observer

                                                  Experiment List

1

2

3

4

5

6

Project Implementation Method

This FYP is based on the Case study of antenna azimuth position control system which is in the Text Book:  Control Systems Engineering, Norman S Nise, 6th Edition, John Wiley this book has experiments on this case study in regrading of design and development I am going to design these 12 experiments in the MATLAB then I design  my Hardware model according to these results which I will achieve through MATLAB.

To achieve the Exact antenna azimuth and elevations position:

Staring with a colored background of antenna position control systems which explores the design process that will help us build our system. The first case study uses our ongoing antenna azimuth position control system to show how to represent each subsystem as a transfer function. In the following case study, we look at the antenna azimuth position control system and demonstrate the concepts of this chapter by representing each subsystem in state space. The following case study uses these concepts to analyze an open-loop portion of the antenna azimuth position control system. The open-loop function that we will deal with consists of a power amplifier and motor with the load. The following case study shows how to reduce the subsystems of the antenna azimuth position control system to a single, closed-loop transfer function to analyze and design the transient response characteristics. We saw that stable systems have their closed-loop poles in the left half of the s-plane. As the loop gain is changed, the locations of the poles are also changed, creating the possibility that the poles can move into the right half of the s-plane, which yields instability. Based on the previous case study, we are going to find the steady-state error in terms of gain, K, for step, ramp, and parabolic inputs. we are interested in determining the value of gain required to meet transient response requirements, such as percent overshoot, settling time, and peak time. In this section, we continue with the antenna azimuth position control by designing a cascade compensator that yields a 25% overshoot at a reduced settling time. The case study demonstrates the use of frequency response methods to find the range of gain for stability and to design a value of gain to meet a percent overshoot requirement for the closed-loop step response. Now we are going to design cascade compensation to meet both transient and steady-state error requirements. In this case study, we use our ongoing antenna azimuth position control system to demonstrate the combined design of a controller and an observer. We will show where the computer is inserted in the loop, model the system, and design the gain to meet a transient response requirement. Later, we will design a digital cascade compensator. After completing this we will design a hardware 1/5 model for the lab of satellite dish antenna which is used on the broadcasting van.

Benefits of the Project

The main benefits of this FYP are the 12 experiments solutions in the MATLAB then I will design a Hardware model according to the results which will I achieve from the MATLAB.

This FYP is completely based on the design and development of any university which is offering courses related to system engineering or control systems in Electronics namaste engineering, Civil engineering, Aeronautical engineering, Electrical engineering and specifically mechanical engineering can design their lab course according to this FYP because this is completely design and development.

Many other applications of this FYP are listed below:

• Any designer who is going to design a new system can take help from this FYP.
• This position control system has a broad field in telecommunication to control the exact position of the telescope’s antenna.
• The Dish antenna which is used on the media van also controls instead of manually controlled.
• The antenna which is used on the roof of the house can also control instead of manually controlled.
• This FYP has broad benefits in the defense to control the RADAR to control the parabola reflector antenna to control the other system .
• This FYP not only related to the Position control system any thing can design and development by the help of this FYP.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

This FYP is based on the Case study of antenna azimuth position control system which is in the Text Book:  Control Systems Engineering, Norman S Nise, 6th Edition, John Wiley this book has experimented on this case study in regrading of design and development I am going to design these 12 experiments in the MATLAB then I design my Hardware model according to these results which I will achieve through MATLAB.

Before discussing the technical details, here is the list of equipment that will be used in this FYP.

• STEPPER MOTOR
• DRV8825 MOTOR DRIVER
• ARDUINO UNO
• 16X2 LIQUID CRYSTAL LCD
• POWER SUPPLY
• POTENTIOMETER
• POWER MODULE
• STEPPER MOTOR BRACKETS

Technical detail starts from the satellite dish antenna similar to a TV which works in 12 GHz (Ku band). This antenna diameter is 60cm which also used on the media van this is the main objective of this FYP is to control the position of this antenna by using the azimuth and elevations angle in which I am going to move 180 degrees in the elevation direction which and 360 degrees in azimuth direction we can adjust at any position of this antenna angle to catch up the signals from the satellite. To achieve this, I am going to use 3 steppers Motors Nema-17 one for the azimuth and 2 for the elevations. I will fix these motors by using the stepper motor bracket then using the pully and belts I will move the antenna which will be fixed on the Mount stand and the position can control by using the potentiometers. These potentiometers are connected to analog pins of the Arduino UNO and on the digital pins, the stepper motor driver is connected to control the stepper motors NEMA-17 a 16x2 Liquid crystal LCD also connected with its digital pins to display the angels. A 12v of 5 amps adapter was used to give the power to the whole circuit a 12v to 5v voltage converter was also used to give the 5 voltages of the Arduino UNO.

This is the complete description regarding the FYP after completion I will fix it on a small media van to demonstrate the complete prototype.

These are the deliverables of this FYP

• Design a lab manual on 12 experiments of antenna azimuth position control system by implementing the NISE Case study.
• A project report on FYPI describing all aspects of the project.
• Analyzing the existing model of the lab to remove the response errors.
• A complete working lab hardware model of satellite dish antenna in  Ku band (60 cm dish).

Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry ManufacturingOther Industries Education , IT Core Technology RoboticsOther Technologies Artificial Intelligence(AI)Sustainable Development Goals Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureRequired Resources

Elapsed time in (days or weeks or month or quarter) since start of the project	Milestone	Deliverable
Month 1	12 EXPERIMENT ON MATLAB & SIMULINK (MATLAB programming)	Design a lab manual on 12 experiments of antenna azimuth position control system by implementing the NISE Case study.
Month 2	12 EXPERIMENT ON MATLAB & SIMULINK (MATLAB programming)	A project report on 12 experimens results describing all aspects of the project.
Month 3	12 EXPERIMENT ON MATLAB & SIMULINK (MATLAB Simulink )	Analyzing the existing model of the lab to remove the response errors.
Month 4	Arduino programming to control the motors using potentiometer	A complete working lab hardware model of satellite dish antenna in Ku band (60 cm dish).
Month 5	Hardware Designing of the complete project to complete it	A complete working lab hardware model of satellite dish antenna in Ku band (60 cm dish).
Month 6	Thesis and Research	A project thesisi as a project report describing all aspects of the project, giving complete details of the software used (i.e., Simulink libraries and control Toolboxes). Alone with a Research paper.