Forest Fire Detection Using ZigBee
Forests cover 31 percent of the world's land surface, just over 4 billion hectares. World's forest area decreased from 31.6 percent of the global land area to 30.6 percent between 1990 and 2015, but that the place of loss has slowed in recent years. Forest fire monitoring is an important part of for
2025-06-28 16:32:39 - Adil Khan
Forest Fire Detection Using ZigBee
Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject SummaryForests cover 31 percent of the world's land surface, just over 4 billion hectares. World's forest area decreased from 31.6 percent of the global land area to 30.6 percent between 1990 and 2015, but that the place of loss has slowed in recent years. Forest fire monitoring is an important part of forest fire management. Forest fire becomes a global problem, countries around the world attach great importance to the forest. A number of incidents of forest fire have reduced over 1.2 million trees in Pakistan during the recently concluded financial year ranging from 2018 to 2019. To look after the forests fire, we need a resources that detect and control it. To overcome these problems we need to introduce fire control system to monitor the forest and environment that reports preferably the state of fire.
Forests play an important role in making our environment pollution free. Spreading of fire in forest due to human activities or due to lack of attention to forests and wildlife is causing environmental degradation. In Pakistan millions of trees are destroyed due to lack of infra-structure and proper communication facilities disastrous information couldn’t be received on time which results in rapid spreading of fire. So we are proposing a prototype to detect the forest fire efficiently and to generate an alert to intimate the fire fighter authorities.
The implementation of the project consists of following: (1) Arduino Uno controller for controlling sensors and zigbee. (2) Zigbee for sending and receiving information. (3) Temperature sensors (LM35, DH22) for temperature. (4) Thermocouple for detection of ground temperature. (5) GPS module for finding the coordinates in forest. (6) Smoke sensor (MQ7) for smoke detection. In this project we will detect the real forest fire. Different sensor sources will be created and stored in the forest.
The thresholds of each sensor will be set. As soon as the fire is detect and all sensors will true then through zigbee, message will be send to base center and action will be taken.
Project Objectives- Saving the environment.
- Minimizing Human Intervention.
- Efficient implementation of fire monitoring system.
- Real time fire detection in Forest.
- Generate warning to take further actions.
Figure 1. Process overview for Zigbee based forest fire detection system
Figure 2.Implementation Architecture for ZigBee Based Forest Fire Detection System
Benefits of the ProjectA Wsn Based prototype system is one of such application where continuous monitoring of temperature and humidity is essential to detect the wildfire. The proposed Prototype solution that is provided:
- Dual functionality, that is, environment monitoring and fire early detection
- no need for a preinstalled communications network
- Safe City Concept
- Surveillance and monitoring
- Sensor Data Acquisition Platform
Temperature Sensor (lm35)
Smoke Sensor (Mq-7)
K-Type Thermocouple (Max-6675)
Humidity Sensor (Dht 22)
Gps Module (Neo-6m)
- Software For Sensor Data Acquisition
Interfacing Different Sensor with Microcontroller.
- Zigbee Based Communication System That Communicate different nodes to the Base Station:
Radio Frequency Based Communication system.
Final Deliverable of the Project HW/SW integrated systemCore Industry AgricultureOther Industries Education , IT Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other Technologies Clean TechSustainable Development Goals Climate Action, Life on LandRequired Resources
| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 68800 | |||
| Zig bee S2 | Equipment | 3 | 5000 | 15000 |
| Micro controller | Equipment | 3 | 800 | 2400 |
| K-type Thermocouple | Equipment | 2 | 600 | 1200 |
| Dht-22 | Equipment | 2 | 500 | 1000 |
| Gens 4000 45c 3s LiPo battery | Equipment | 3 | 9200 | 27600 |
| Temperature Sensor (lm35) | Equipment | 2 | 400 | 800 |
| Smoke Sensor (Mq-7) | Equipment | 2 | 550 | 1100 |
| I2C/SPI character lcd | Equipment | 2 | 3000 | 6000 |
| equipment required for assembling(e.g wires, solder iron, Pcb Design | Miscellaneous | 3 | 2000 | 6000 |
| Gps Module (NE0-6M) | Equipment | 2 | 3850 | 7700 |