Forest Fire Detection and Emergency alert system
This project is based on early fire detection using wireless sensor network. The situation of forest is continuously monitored by various sensors such as temperature sensor, humidity sensor, fire sensor and CO2 sensor. Each node consists of these sensors and a microcontroller for setting threshold v
2025-06-28 16:32:39 - Adil Khan
Forest Fire Detection and Emergency alert system
Project Area of Specialization Internet of ThingsProject SummaryThis project is based on early fire detection using wireless sensor network. The situation of forest is continuously monitored by various sensors such as temperature sensor, humidity sensor, fire sensor and CO2 sensor. Each node consists of these sensors and a microcontroller for setting threshold values for parameters measured by sensors. Each node/ cluster has a cluster head and since there are number of cluster heads so cluster heads of all nodes communicate with each other through Zigbee. All information collected from cluster heads is sent to server through wireless technology for further processing. There is an alerting mechanism also, which alerts the system after the parameters are being analyzed.
Since there will be high chance of interference at cluster heads and server because many sensors will send data simultaneously. So to reduce interference, CSMA/CA with capturing effect is used to optimally deploy the nodes so as to reduce the interference to minimum level.
Project ObjectivesObjectives of our project is to create a module which can detect forest fire early and efficiently without any data loss. We will create such a sensor network that can transmit data efficiently and with low cost. Interference will be reduced to such a minimum level that it does not corrupt the data and it will be reduced by optimally deploying the nodes using CSMA/CA with capture effect.
Project Implementation MethodVarious sensors (temperature, humidity, fire, CO2) are used to continuously monitor the parameters of fire. A microcontroller is used to set threshold values for these sensors. Each node will have cluster head and all these cluster heads will communicate through Zigbee. Information collected from cluster heads will be transmitted to the server using wireless technology for its analysis. If the fire is detected, the server will inform alert room about fire so as to carry out precautionary measures.
For its implementation, firstly, we will use CISCO IOT simulator. A module will be created in this simulator and after its successful development in this simulator, the same module will be implemented using physical devices and this will make the project prone to further high end research on the reduction of SNR in such harsh environment and optimizing the location of nodes for low cost and high performance WSN for forest fire detection.
Benefits of the ProjectForests are extremely important for maintaining the ecosystem. Forest fires cause severe damage to wildlife and human beings. Previous traditional approaches are inefficient as they cannot detect forest fire until it has spread to uncontrollable level. Our method which is based on WSN is cheap and easy to implement. It can detect fire much faster and efficiently as compared to previous traditional approaches. It is accurate and reliable for the fact that when a fire is detected, the established WSN will immediately send alert message to the system.
Technical Details of Final DeliverableOur module is based on wireless sensor network (WSN) in which each cluster is having sensors, microcontroller and a cluster head. If there is any prediction of fire, sensors will send the data to cluster head. Cluster heads of number of nodes, which are connected through Zigbee, will send data to server. Server will analyze the data received and if the data shows the symptoms of fire, then server will immediately inform alert room about fire so as to take precautionary measures for extinguishing the fire.
Components used in this project are sensors (temperature, humidity, fire, CO2), module of Zigbee (to establish communication between cluster heads), server and a module of GPRS (to create connection between cluster heads and server).
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry AgricultureOther Industries Security , Telecommunication Core Technology Internet of Things (IoT)Other TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Climate Action, Life on LandRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 76500 | |||
| infared CO2 sensor | Equipment | 6 | 3184 | 19104 |
| Zigbee XBee s2C 6.3 mW | Equipment | 9 | 3500 | 31500 |
| Microcontroller 8051 | Equipment | 9 | 250 | 2250 |
| DHT22 AM2302 Digital temperature and sensor network | Equipment | 6 | 700 | 4200 |
| TTgo T.call v1.3 esp 32 wireless module GPRS | Equipment | 3 | 3352 | 10056 |
| connecting wires | Equipment | 4 | 150 | 600 |
| stationary, thesis | Miscellaneous | 3 | 2930 | 8790 |