Enhancement and Development of Low Cost Respiratory Monitoring and Controlling System
Ventilators are basically designed to minimize the patient efforts and is mainly used to make it easier for very sick people to breath. Another reason is to help raise the oxygen level for those patients. Sometimes, patients receive mechanical ventilation when they have an unpredictable or unstable
2025-06-28 16:32:26 - Adil Khan
Enhancement and Development of Low Cost Respiratory Monitoring and Controlling System
Project Area of Specialization Biomedical EngineeringProject SummaryVentilators are basically designed to minimize the patient efforts and is mainly used to make it easier for very sick people to breath. Another reason is to help raise the oxygen level for those patients. Sometimes, patients receive mechanical ventilation when they have an unpredictable or unstable health condition. The machine makes sure that the body receives adequate oxygen and that carbon dioxide is removed. This is necessary when certain illnesses prevent normal breathing.Ventilators are chiefly used in intensive care medicine, home care and in anesthesiology (as a component of an anesthesia machine).
Pakistan has shortage of ventilator (and other medical equipment's). The population of Pakistan is 200 million, but we have less than 2,000 ventilators in our hospitals and 90% patients suffering from lung diseases. Many hospitals have lack of ventilator, using manually hand pump as a ventilator. Per day 15 to 20 patients are waiting for ventilator. The shortage of ventilator in Pakistan is due to high cost, the imported ventilator has cost upto 3 million, if ventilators are manufactured in Pakistan the cost reduce to about 0.2 million, several patients are dying due to the unavailability of ventilators.
We focused on all these hitches and enhance a portable ventilator; it is low cost, low power consuming and easily transportable system that can be used in hospitals, ambulance and home. It has open loop controller to govern the all parameters of patient's respiration.
Project ObjectivesMain objective is to enhance and develop low cost Respiratory Monitoring and Controlling System, calibrate and improve the parameters ( respiratory rate, tidal volume, oxygen concentration (FiO2), flow rate, PEEP) and display of the prototype. We will replace the pressure sensors with medical grade sensors and keypad with touch screen.
The earlier developed Respiratory Monitoring and Controlling System is uncalibrated and not shaped for proper use.
Project Implementation MethodThe present prototype is noninvasive positive pressure ventilator has three main parts: input, inhale and exhale part. Each part is composed with sensors, filters and valves to perform their specific task. We have used MPX5700AP and MPX4250AP pressure sensors. They are Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor design to sense absolute air pressure. But now we'll replace these sensors with Medical Grade Sensors. Also will improve the parameters and try to calibrate it at some level. We will work on two modes of ventilator in this project. One is Volume Mode and other is Pressure Mode.
Volume Mode:
This mode is sub-divided into two:
- Assist Control Mode:
It is a mode in which patient receive a required breath with set tidal volume or pressure that the ventilator will deliver at set intervals of time or when the patient initiates a breath.
- Synchronized Intermittent-Mandatory Ventilation:
The patient is receiving 12 compulsory breaths per minute from the ventilator in SIMV mode.
Pressure Mode:
The patient initiates every breath and the ventilator delivers support with the preset pressure value.
lung compliance ?
, pressure ?
lung compliance ? , pressure ?
- Patient friendly (easy to handle).
- Low cost.
- Sleep apnea patient can be facilitating with it.
- Used in ambulance.
- Low power consumption.
Compress air entered through input valve then its pressure is measured with input pressure sensor. Pressure is reduced to the desired value by the help of control valve. Pressure is measured again to make sure that desired requirements are fulfilled then air is passed through the flow sensor to measure how much air is delivered to patient by the help of inhale valve before patient air is filtered. Patient exhale air that is filtered then its pressure is measured, exhaled air is released to environment.
We will use different Medical Grade Sensors and interface them.
Touch screen will use in place of keypad.
Our project will we calibrate from PCSIR.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry MedicalOther Industries Education , Health Core Technology OthersOther Technologies Wearables and ImplantablesSustainable Development Goals Good Health and Well-Being for People, Quality EducationRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 73000 | |||
| Medical grade sensors for pressure | Equipment | 4 | 5500 | 22000 |
| Flow sensors | Equipment | 2 | 6000 | 12000 |
| Tubing | Equipment | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| Ardinuomega | Equipment | 2 | 1000 | 2000 |
| Oxygen Cylinder | Equipment | 1 | 2500 | 2500 |
| pump and tank | Equipment | 1 | 15000 | 15000 |
| lcd keypads | Miscellaneous | 1 | 8000 | 8000 |
| box | Equipment | 1 | 10000 | 10000 |