ELECTRIC VEHICLE

The extensive increase in consumption of fuel cause harmful effect on environment and increase in price. Therefore, the world is moving towards the alternative resources. The renewable energy sources are providing the solutions to overcome cost effect and environmental issues. The use of rene

Project Title

ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Project Area of Specialization

Mechatronics Engineering

Project Summary

The extensive increase in consumption of fuel cause harmful effect on environment and increase in price. Therefore, the world is moving towards the alternative resources. The renewable energy sources are providing the solutions to overcome cost effect and environmental issues.

The use of renewable energy is increase in commercially as well as in industries like Electric Vehicles. EV’s are the replacement of combustion engine vehicles. Electric Vehicles are used in many countries and they can charge through many charging stations they installed. The charging stations use public power and renewable energy sources to charge the vehicles and you can pay for charging depending on how, where, and when you charge an Electric Vehicle the cost can vary. In Pakistan the electricity is costly like fuel in sense of public power. There are alternatives to charge vehicle like on-board charging stations. In previous research on on-board charging is they install solar panel in vehicle. Those solar panels are not much efficient to charge vehicle while vehicle is in motion, and solar panel only work in day time, for night they are useless. There are other options to replacing/adding other energy sources like "Generator". Generators are not bound on sun light they can generate power by giving them mechanical motion and it generate electric power. Generators are used in Formula 1 racing cars. They can use MGU-H (motor generator unit heat) which is attached with engine and rotate with the heated air pressure extracting from engine of car. MGU-H generate electric power which can be utilize in car.

Here in our project we are using PV and Generator both to charge the vehicle battery. PV is use for charging the battery when there is sunlight and generator can generate power when vehicle is in motion. This project will minimize the charging cost. The aim is to generate power and utilize in Electric Vehicles to save the environment and reduce the cost of charging.

Project Objectives

The aim of this project is to generate power and utilize it on Electric Vehicles in low cost.

To achieve the low cost charging mechanisms in Electric Vehicles. (Where you do not need to go charging stations and pay for charging EV).

To obtain the pollution free and reliable transport.

Project Implementation Method

In this project, there are two batteries and two motors. First battery is use to drive the vehicle and second battery is for backup. The motor is install between the back tires so the vehicle and help to move forward and reverse and second motor is place between front tires which help to turn left and right. One of those two batteries must be fully charge through solar or public power. The charged battery is use to run the vehicle. When there is sunlight and our first battery is fully charged then the solar cells can charge the 2nd battery and if there is no sunlight then solar cell is not able to charge.

Now the vehicle is start moving on fully charged battery the generators can start generating power and charge the 2nd battery which is not charged. When the vehicle is moving and sunlight is shining on solar cell the 2nf battery charging will be fast, and when there is no sunlight and vehicle is moving the generator can charge the 2nd battery. That’s how the 2nd battery for backup will charge. When the 1st battery is going to low the controller can switch the 2nd battery to move the vehicle and the 1st battery on switch to charging mode through solar or generator.

The normal electric vehicles having only 1 battery and they can travel until this battery is going to low then they need to charge the battery. If this battery need 1 unit of wapda for fully charge and the cost of 1 unit electricity is about RS 100(for example) and it can travel 200km in one charge then after 200km the battery will be dead. But with the help of my mechanism vehicle can travel more than 200km in one charge (may be 20% more or 30% more it depends on the efficiency) in 1 unit of cost.

Benefits of the Project

Electric Vehicles are widely used in many countries and they can charge through charging stations they installed. In our country the electricity is also the major issue, and the charging of EV's battery is very costly due to expensive electricity. On the other hand if we plant the charging stations using solar power then they can also pay some amount to station owners.

In this project Electric Vehicles are able to charge their battery from on-board solar panel planted at the top roof of the Electric Vehicle and also from public power. The generator can help to charge the battery when we are using electric vehicle for traveling.

The vehicles battery can fully charge in one unit of electricity, and vehicle can travel 10km in one charge then using my PV and generator mechanism Vehicle can travel more than 10km in one charge. In commercially many low profile families can afford these vehicles.

Technical Details of Final Deliverable

This project includes following components:

. Generator   X4

. PV   X3

. Filter circuit   X4

. Summer circuit   X2

. Boost converter   X2

. Micro Controller   X1

. Battery   X2

. DC Motor   X2

. Wireless Remote Controller   X1

. Motor Drivers   X2

. Connecting Wires

There are two 12V batteries use in this vehicle. Battery no 1 and battery no 2. At least one of those battery is charged through solar or public power using adopter. If the battery 1 is fully charge and battery 2 is not charged then battery 1 is use to move the vehicle and also use in controlling components like motor drivers micro controllers etc.. And the same time battery 2 is in charging mode through PV and generator.

There are 3 PV cells install in vehicles top. The each PV gives us 4-volts which were sum up to 12V DC and delivered boost converter. If there are completely 12V dc is produce by PV then boost converter act as a wire and deliver the power to controller but if the PV voltages are less than 12V then boost converter boost the voltages up to 12V and deliver to the controller. Controller check which battery is on charging mode and which battery is in use to drive the vehicle. Once controller identify which battery is on charging mode controller will send all the power to that battery. 

The generators installed inside the tires. The back tires of vehicle is connected with motor which can help to move the vehicle. When vehicle start moving the tires start rotating and the generators inside the tires can also start rotating. Initially when vehicle start moving the all 4 generators will start rotating and generate some amount of power. The generator we use here is a 12V-24V BLDC Generator (Hand motor), All 4 generators start generating power while vehicle is in motion and there is a filter circuit which filter the output power and give to summer circuit. Summer circuit will add 4 generators power and deliver to the boost converter. If the summing voltages are 12-volts then boost converter act as a wire and deliver power to the controller, but if the summing voltages are less than 12V then boost converter boosts the voltages up to 12-volts and deliver to the controller. Controller check which battery is on charging mode and which battery is in use, controller send all the generated power to charging mode battery.

The two motors are use one 9V-12V DC motor is use for moving forward and reverse and second 3V DC motor is for turn vehicle left and right they both were controlled with motor drivers. Motor drivers are control form Bluetooth or Wi-Fi module microcontroller which can provide wireless connectivity from mobile to vehicle.

Note:

If this project will implement in small vehicle so you need to control the vehicle through remote or wirelessly but if you are making a real car then you do not need to add remote or wireless controlling system and also the left right turning motor, because human can sit in the car and he can drive the car with accelerator and breaks and with staring car can turn left and right no need any motor.

Final Deliverable of the Project

Hardware System

Core Industry

Transportation

Other Industries

Energy

Core Technology

Others

Other Technologies

Sustainable Development Goals

Affordable and Clean Energy

Required Resources

If you need this project, please contact me on contact@adikhanofficial.com