effect of rainfall intensity on slope stability of Swat region
Landslide is one of the most common Hazard on Earth, although affected area is smaller but often cause large disasters. However, all these hazards, landslides are ever-present and pose extreme danger to lives and property in the mountainous areas. Landslides are recurrent incidents in northern areas
2025-06-28 16:26:56 - Adil Khan
effect of rainfall intensity on slope stability of Swat region
Project Area of Specialization Information & Communication TechnologyProject SummaryLandslide is one of the most common Hazard on Earth, although affected area is smaller but often cause large disasters. However, all these hazards, landslides are ever-present and pose extreme danger to lives and property in the mountainous areas. Landslides are recurrent incidents in northern areas of Pakistan.
Northern areas of Pakistan and specifically Malakand Division of KPK province is dominated by mountains experienced heavy rainfall in both seasons of the year. It makes this region with frequent occurrence of landslides due to heavy rainfall.
One of the important factors affecting slope stability is the soil moisture content. Consequently, engineering accidents caused by the decrease in soil shear strength due to the increase in moisture content are very common. Furthermore, the soil shear strength decreases due to the shaking of earth caused by seismic wave, upward pressure by magma developed by dissolved gases, downward transport of soil and rocks by natural vibration, rising of ground water table due to intense rain in the region. Generally, these failures are not understood well because almost no study is made until the failure makes it necessary.
In this project deals with the study of Rainfall intensity and its effect on the soil slope stabilty. By applying different artificial rainfall on the same soil sample in a small pratical model. Here, we are using water soil interaction modeling system. In such model, study is conducted on the proporties of soil changes occure due to water interaction.
According to the results and observation, advance and sustainable methods will be used to protect soil slope. Thus to stabilize slope.
Project ObjectivesObjective:
The followings are main objectives of our research problem work
- To determine and evaluate soil slope failure.
- To determine rainfall effects on soil stability.
- To determine different techniques for stabilizations of slope of soil.
- To determine causes of slope stability failure.
We are dealing with the soil in a prototype model, it is finite element model. In comparison with real field, the result obtained from prototype effects are implemented to the field. different civil engineering techniques are approuched to deal with the slope stability. these techniques includes adding a surface cover to slope, excavating, changing the slope geometry, adding structure to reinforce the slope and using drainage to control the surface as well as groundwater in slope material.
Benefits of the ProjectIn the period between 1998 and 2017, landslides and their associated hazards, affected an estimated 4.8 million people and cause more than 18,000 deaths globally. During the period from 1993 to 2002, 6031 people were killed and 8,989.631 were affected by the natural disaster in Pakistan (World Disaster Report, 2003). To analyze these Hazards and risks, multi engineering approaches are required for spatial planning.
This case study also cover some of the answers to these following questions:
- What are different types of soil slope failure?
- How rain fall effects soil stability?
- What are the main causes of soil slope failure?
- What are the reliable techniques for soil slope stabilization?
SOIL- WATER INTERACTION MODELING SYSTEM (SWIMS)
?Soil water interaction modeling system (SWIMS) is a small scale physical model in the lab.
?It is to investigate interrelation between slope stability and rainfall under laboratory conditions.
?Equipment parts of the SWIMS are water supply equipment, water storage tank, sprinkler hoses and nozzles, soil container, infiltration bands and discharge tank.
?Dimensions of the Soil Container are 0.914 m x 0.0.457 m x 0.609 m
?All 4 sides are made of 8mm thick fiber glass to retain the earth pressure.
?The bottom surface 25 mm metal tank depth to store and discharge out infiltrated water from the soil.
?A wide permeable bands of very fine mesh sieving strips, placed at the bottom of tank so, that no soil but only the percolated infiltrating water can pass through it to the bottom tank.
?Soil Container has been designed to have a maximum of 20kN carrying capacity.
?Artificial Rainwater System Rainfall is artificially produced using a specially-designed sprinkler system.
?The artificial rainfall system was used to produce uniform and adjustable (intensity, duration) rainfall simulation.
?The artificial rainfall system consists of the main water storage tank water pump, main water supply valves, rainfall hoses and sprinklers.
?The intensity and volume of the generated rainfall through fine spray nozzles connected to the water pump.
?Infiltration water is discharged from the soil storage tank with the aid of discharge hose.
?The most fundamental task of the artificial rainfall system is undertaken by hoses and sprinklers.
?The system is constructed with 1 cm diameter PVC pipe and the simple frame to hold the sprinklers above the soil container.
?Sprinkler frame has a 8 rows and each row has a 12 nozzles.
Final Deliverable of the Project Hardware SystemCore Industry OthersOther Industries Education , Agriculture , Transportation , Security Core Technology OthersOther TechnologiesSustainable Development Goals Decent Work and Economic Growth, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Climate Action, Partnerships to achieve the GoalRequired Resources| Item Name | Type | No. of Units | Per Unit Cost (in Rs) | Total (in Rs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total in (Rs) | 50110 | |||
| water control valves | Equipment | 2 | 700 | 1400 |
| sprinkler | Equipment | 3 | 300 | 900 |
| water storage tank | Equipment | 2 | 3000 | 6000 |
| water pump | Equipment | 1 | 1500 | 1500 |
| pipe (one link) | Equipment | 2 | 1680 | 3360 |
| one link of steel | Equipment | 2 | 3500 | 7000 |
| perforated box | Equipment | 1 | 4580 | 4580 |
| silicon | Miscellaneous | 2 | 1240 | 2480 |
| glass box | Equipment | 1 | 6560 | 6560 |
| welding | Miscellaneous | 1 | 3830 | 3830 |
| labor work | Equipment | 1 | 12500 | 12500 |